Dataset Information

Tubulin-tyrosine Ligase (TTL)-mediated Increase in Tyrosinated ?-Tubulin in Injured Axons Is Required for Retrograde Injury Signaling and Axon Regeneration.

ABSTRACT: Injured peripheral neurons successfully activate a pro-regenerative program to enable axon regeneration and functional recovery. The microtubule-dependent retrograde transport of injury signals from the lesion site in the axon back to the cell soma stimulates the increased growth capacity of injured neurons. However, the mechanisms initiating this retrograde transport remain poorly understood. Here we show that tubulin-tyrosine ligase (TTL) is required to increase the levels of tyrosinated ?-tubulin at the axon injury site and plays an important role in injury signaling. Preventing the injury-induced increase in tyrosinated ?-tubulin by knocking down TTL impairs retrograde organelle transport and delays activation of the pro-regenerative transcription factor c-Jun. In the absence of TTL, axon regeneration is reduced severely. We propose a model in which TTL increases the levels of tyrosinated ?-tubulin locally at the injury site to facilitate the retrograde transport of injury signals that are required to activate a pro-regenerative program.

SUBMITTER: Song W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4505541 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tubulin-tyrosine Ligase (TTL)-mediated Increase in Tyrosinated α-Tubulin in Injured Axons Is Required for Retrograde Injury Signaling and Axon Regeneration.

Song Wenjun W Cho Yongcheol Y Watt Dana D Cavalli Valeria V

The Journal of biological chemistry 20150424 23

Injured peripheral neurons successfully activate a pro-regenerative program to enable axon regeneration and functional recovery. The microtubule-dependent retrograde transport of injury signals from the lesion site in the axon back to the cell soma stimulates the increased growth capacity of injured neurons. However, the mechanisms initiating this retrograde transport remain poorly understood. Here we show that tubulin-tyrosine ligase (TTL) is required to increase the levels of tyrosinated α-tub ...[more]

PMID: 25911101

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Project description:Promoting the combination of robust regeneration of damaged axons and synaptic reconnection of these growing axon populations with appropriate neuronal targets represents a major therapeutic goal following spinal cord injury (SCI). A key impediment to achieving this important aim includes an intrinsic inability of neurons to extend axons in adult CNS, particularly in the context of the chronically-injured spinal cord. We tested whether an inhibitory peptide directed against phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN: a central inhibitor of neuron-intrinsic axon growth potential) could restore inspiratory diaphragm function by reconnecting critical respiratory neural circuitry in a rat model of chronic cervical level 2 (C2) hemisection SCI. We found that systemic delivery of PTEN antagonist peptide 4 (PAP4) starting at 8 weeks after C2 hemisection promoted substantial, long-distance regeneration of injured bulbospinal rostral Ventral Respiratory Group (rVRG) axons into and through the lesion and back toward phrenic motor neurons (PhMNs) located in intact caudal C3-C5 spinal cord. Despite this robust rVRG axon regeneration, PAP4 stimulated only minimal recovery of diaphragm function. Furthermore, re-lesion through the hemisection site completely removed PAP4-induced functional improvement, demonstrating that axon regeneration through the lesion was responsible for this partial functional recovery. Interestingly, there was minimal formation of putative excitatory monosynaptic connections between regrowing rVRG axons and PhMN targets, suggesting that (1) limited rVRG-PhMN synaptic reconnectivity was responsible at least in part for the lack of a significant functional effect, (2) chronically-injured spinal cord presents an obstacle to achieving synaptogenesis between regenerating axons and post-synaptic targets, and (3) addressing this challenge is a potentially-powerful strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy in the chronic SCI setting. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a non-invasive and transient pharmacological approach in chronic SCI to repair the critically-important neural circuitry controlling diaphragmatic respiratory function, but also sheds light on obstacles to circuit plasticity presented by the chronically-injured spinal cord.

Dataset Information

Tubulin-tyrosine Ligase (TTL)-mediated Increase in Tyrosinated ?-Tubulin in Injured Axons Is Required for Retrograde Injury Signaling and Axon Regeneration.

Publications

Tubulin-tyrosine Ligase (TTL)-mediated Increase in Tyrosinated α-Tubulin in Injured Axons Is Required for Retrograde Injury Signaling and Axon Regeneration.

Similar Datasets

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