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Lactate clearance and metabolic aspects of continuous high-volume hemofiltration.

ABSTRACT: Lactic acidosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Treatment of lactic acidosis is targeted on correcting the underlying causes and optimizing adequate oxygen delivery to the tissues. Even though evidence is lacking, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and dialysis have been advocated as treatments for lactic acidosis. We report a 28-year-old Caucasian male with a history of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis who presented with septic shock, severe lactic acidosis and multiple organ failure. Metabolic acidosis was corrected after bicarbonate therapy and CRRT with a hemofiltration rate of 7 L/h (58 mL/kg/h). Lactate clearance was calculated to be 79 mL/min. Compared with reported rates of lactate overproduction in septic shock, the rate of lactate clearance is quite small. Our case suggests that CRRT with high-volume hemofiltration is not effective for severe lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis alone should not be considered as a nonrenal indication for CRRT.

SUBMITTER: Cheungpasitporn W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4515900 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lactate clearance and metabolic aspects of continuous high-volume hemofiltration.

Cheungpasitporn Wisit W Zand Ladan L Dillon John J JJ Qian Qi Q Leung Nelson N

Clinical kidney journal 20150617 4

Lactic acidosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Treatment of lactic acidosis is targeted on correcting the underlying causes and optimizing adequate oxygen delivery to the tissues. Even though evidence is lacking, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and dialysis have been advocated as treatments for lactic acidosis. We report a 28-year-old Caucasian male with a history of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis who presented with septic shock, severe ...[more]

PMID: 26251702

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Project description:BackgroundMetabolic alkalosis is a frequently occurring problem during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of switching from high to low bicarbonate (HCO3-) replacement fluid in alkalotic critically ill patients with acute kidney injury treated by CVVH and RCA.MethodsA retrospective-comparative study design was applied. Patients who underwent CVVH with RCA in the ICU between 09/2016 and 11/2017 were evaluated. Data were available from the clinical routine. A switch of the replacement fluid Phoxilium® (30 mmol/l HCO3-) to Biphozyl® (22 mmol/l HCO3-) was performed as blood HCO3- concentration persisted ≥ 26 mmol/l despite adjustments of citrate dose and blood flow. Data were collected from 72 h before the switch of the replacement solutions until 72 h afterwards.ResultsOf 153 patients treated with CVVH during that period, 45 patients were switched from Phoxilium® to Biphozyl®. Forty-two patients (42 circuits) were available for statistical analysis. After switching the replacement fluid from Phoxilium® to Biphozyl® the serum HCO3- concentration decreased significantly from 27.7 mmol/l (IQR 26.9-28.9) to 25.8 mmol/l (IQR 24.6-27.7) within 24 h (p < 0.001). Base excess (BE) decreased significantly from 4.0 mmol/l (IQR 3.1-5.1) to 1.8 mmol/l (IQR 0.2-3.4) within 24 h (p < 0.001). HCO3- and BE concentration remained stable from 24 h till the end of observation at 72 h after the replacement fluid change (p = 0.225). pH and PaCO2 did not change significantly after the switch of the replacement fluid until 72 h.ConclusionsThis retrospective analysis suggests that for patients developing refractory metabolic alkalosis during CVVH with RCA the use of Biphozyl® reduces external HCO3- load and sustainably corrects intracorporeal HCO3- and BE concentrations. Future studies have to prove whether correcting metabolic alkalosis during CVVH with RCA in critically ill patients is of relevance in terms of clinical outcome.

Project description:Lactate clearance is affected by hepatic function. However, it is unclear whether the association between hepatic dysfunction and lactate clearance can act as a prognostic marker of clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock. We aimed to evaluate the association between lactate clearance and mortality in two cohorts of septic shock patient who had hepatic dysfunction based on their total serum bilirubin levels (TBIL). Lactate clearance at 24 h after the onset of septic shock was analyzed using two cohorts, sub-categorized into two groups based on TBIL: < 2 mg/dL and ≥ 2 mg/dL. In the derivation cohort, lactate clearance was lower in non-survivors than in survivors with TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL, while there was no significant difference in lactate clearance between non-survivors and survivors with TBIL < 2 mg/dL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that increased lactate clearance was significantly associated with decreased 28-day mortality in the TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL group (10% lactate clearance, adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80-0.97, P = 0.0075), Creatinine level ≥ 2 mg/dL group (adjusted OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81-0.95, P = 0.00069) and APACHE II score ≥ 35 group (adjusted OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.98, P = 0.013). In the validation cohort, lactate clearance was lower in non-survivors than in survivors with TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL, while no significant difference in lactate clearance was observed between non-survivors and survivors with TBIL < 2 mg/dL. Increased lactate clearance was significantly associated with decreased 28-day mortality in the TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL group (10% lactate clearance, adjusted OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.96, P = 0.0038) and the association was just about significant in APACHE II score ≥ 35 group (adjusted OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-1.00, P = 0.051). In conclusion, increased lactate clearance in septic shock patients with hepatic dysfunction (TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL) or high severity (APACHE II score ≥ 35) was associated with decreased 28-day mortality.

Project description:IntroductionRenal insufficiency increases the half-life of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs). Whether continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) removes LMWHs is unsettled. We studied hemostasis during nadroparin anticoagulation for CVVH, and explored the implication of the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP).MethodsThis cross-over study, performed in a 20-bed teaching hospital ICU, randomized non-surgical patients with acute kidney injury requiring nadroparin for CVVH to compare hemostasis between two doses of CVVH: filtrate flow was initiated at 4 L/h and converted to 2 L/h after 60 min in group 1, and vice versa in group 2. Patients received nadroparin 2850 IU i.v., followed by 380 IU/h continuously in the extracorporeal circuit. After baseline sampling, ultrafiltrate, arterial (art) and postfilter (PF) blood was taken for hemostatic markers after 1 h, and 15 min, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after converting filtrate flow. We compared randomized groups, and 'early circuit clotting' to 'normal circuit life' groups.ResultsFourteen patients were randomized, seven to each group. Despite randomization, group 1 had higher SOFA scores (median 14 (IQR 11-15) versus 9 (IQR 5-9), p = 0.004). Anti-Xa art activity peaked upon nadroparin bolus and declined thereafter (p = 0.05). Anti-Xa PF did not change in time. Anti-Xa activity was not detected in ultrafiltrate. Medians of all anti-Xa samples were lower in group 1 (anti-Xa art 0.19 (0.12-0.37) vs. 0.31 (0.23-0.52), p = 0.02; anti-Xa PF 0.34 (0.25-0.44) vs. 0.51 (0.41-0.76), p = 0.005). After a steep decline, arterial ETPAUC tended to increase (p = 0.06), opposite to anti-Xa, while postfilter ETPAUC increased (p = 0.001). Median circuit life was 24.5 h (IQR 12-37 h). Patients with 'short circuit life' had longer baseline prothrombin time (PTT), activated thromboplastin time (aPTT), lower ETP, higher thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT) and higher SOFA scores; during CVVH, anti-Xa, and platelets were lower; PTT, aPTT, TAT and D-dimers were longer/higher and ETP was slower and depressed.ConclusionsWe found no accumulation and no removal of LMWH activity during CVVH. However, we found that early circuit clotting was associated with more severe organ failure, prior systemic thrombin generation with consumptive coagulopathy, heparin resistance and elevated extracorporeal thrombin generation. ETP integrates these complex effects on the capacity to form thrombin.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov ID NCT00965328.

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Lactate clearance and metabolic aspects of continuous high-volume hemofiltration.

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Lactate clearance and metabolic aspects of continuous high-volume hemofiltration.

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