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Risk Factors for Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection.

ABSTRACT: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Urinary tract infection (UTI) may be associated with sepsis or septic shock, and cause sudden deterioration of renal function. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and change of renal function to identify the risk factors for development of AKI in UTI patients. This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary referral center. From January 2006 to January 2013, a total of 790 UTI patients necessitating hospital admission were included for final analysis. Their demographic and clinical characteristics and comorbidities were collected and compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for AKI in UTI patients. There were 97 (12.3%) patients developing AKI during hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with older age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04, P = 0.04), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.35-3.68, P = 0002), upper UTI (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.53-4.56, P = 0001), afebrile during hospitalization (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.04-2.83, P = 0036) and lower baseline eGFR [baseline eGFR 45-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.12-4.04, P = 0.022), baseline eGFR 30-44 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR 4.44, 95% CI 2.30-8.60 P < 0.001) baseline eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR 4.72, 95% CI 2.13-10.45, P <0.001), respectively] were associated with increased risk for development of AKI. were associated with increased risk for development of AKI. Physicians should pay attention to UTI patients at risk of AKI (advancing age, DM, upper UTI, afebrile, and impaired baseline renal function).

SUBMITTER: Hsiao CY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4516244 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Risk Factors for Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection.

Hsiao Chih-Yen CY Yang Huang-Yu HY Hsiao Meng-Chang MC Hung Peir-Haur PH Wang Ming-Cheng MC

PloS one 20150727 7

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Urinary tract infection (UTI) may be associated with sepsis or septic shock, and cause sudden deterioration of renal function. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and change of renal function to identify the risk factors for development of AKI in UTI patients. This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary referral center. From January 2006 to January 2013, a total of 790 UTI patients necessitating ...[more]

PMID: 26213991

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Project description:Hospital readmissions following severe infections are a major economic burden on the health care system and have a negative influence on patients' quality of life. Understanding the risk factors for readmission, particularly the extent to which they could be prevented, is of a great importance. In this study we evaluated potentially preventable risk factors for 60-day readmission in patients surviving hospitalization for complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI). This was a multinational, multicentre retrospective cohort study conducted in Europe and the Middle East. Our cohort included survivors of hospitalization due to cUTI during the years 2013-2014. The primary outcome was 60-day readmission following index hospitalization. Patient characteristics that could have influenced readmission: demographics, infection presentation and management, microbiological and clinical data; were collected via computerized medical records from infection onset up to 60 days after hospital discharge. Overall, 742 patients were included. The cohort median age was 68 years (interquartile range, (IQR) 55-80) and 43.3% (321/742) of patients were males. The all-cause 60-day readmission rate was 20.1% (149/742) and more than half were readmitted for infection [57.1%, (80/140)]. Recurrent cUTI was the most frequent cause for readmission [46.4% (65/140)]. Statistically significant risk factors associated with 60-day readmission in multivariable analysis were: older age (odds ratio (OR) 1.02 for an one-year increment, confidence interval (CI) 1.005-1.03), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.04-2.55), cancer (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.05-2.77), previous urinary tract infection (UTI) in the last year (OR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.14-2.83), insertion of an indwelling bladder catheter (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.07-2.45) and insertion of percutaneous nephrostomy (OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.67-8.13). In conclusion, patients surviving hospitalization for cUTI are frequently re-hospitalized, mostly for recurrent urinary infections associated with a medical condition that necessitated urinary interventions. Interventions to avoid re-admissions should target these patients.

Project description:BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is predominantly a disease of low and middle-income countries. Despite this, there is a particular paucity of data regarding AKI in Africa. Most published studies were conducted prior to the most recent Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition of AKI. This prospective, observational, cohort study examines AKI amongst newly admitted acute medical inpatients in a large, urban, tertiary hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe.MethodsAll newly admitted, adult, medical patients in separate, randomly selected, 24-hour periods were included. Baseline demographic information, comorbidities, nephrotoxic medication use, and reason for admission were recorded on a standardised data capture record. A serum creatinine measurement was performed on all patients at the time of admission and again after 48 hours. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and AKI was defined using the most recent KDIGO definition as an increase in the serum creatinine of greater than 26.5μmol/L within 48 hours, with admission creatinine used as a baseline measurement.Results253 patients were included in the analysis; 137 patients (54.2%) were female; 100 patients (39.5%) had HIV infection. 36 patients (14.2%) met the KDIGO criteria for AKI during the 48-hour follow-up period. AKI was more common among males (19.8% vs 9.5%; p = 0.019). The AKI group had a higher serum creatinine at presentation than those without AKI (296.5μmol/L vs 91.0μmol/L; p<0.001) and at 48 hours (447.7μmol/L vs 77.1μmol/L; p<0.001). In logistic regression, AKI was related negatively to female sex (OR 0.461, 95% CI 0.211, 1.003; p = 0.051) and positively predicted by the presence of comorbid hypertension (OR 3.292, 95% CI 1.52, 7.128; p = 0.003) and chronic kidney disease (OR 6.034, 95% 1.792, 20.313; p = 0.004).ConclusionsKDIGO-defined AKI was common in hospitalised patients in Sub-Saharan Africa and was predicted by male sex, a history of comorbid hypertension and a history of comorbid chronic kidney disease.

Project description:BackgroundCOVID-19 is a multisystemic disorder that frequently causes acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the precise clinical and biochemical variables associated with AKI progression in patients with severe COVID-19 remain unclear.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on 278 hospitalized patients who were admitted to the ward and intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19 between March 2020 and June 2020, at the University Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with COVID-19 confirmed on RT-PCR were included. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. We evaluated the incidence of AKI, several clinical variables, medicines used, and outcomes in two sub-groups: COVID-19 patients with AKI (Cov-AKI), and COVID-19 patients without AKI (non-AKI). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsFirst, an elevated incidence of AKI (71.2%) was identified, distributed across different stages of the KDIGO criteria. We further observed higher levels of creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the Cov-AKI group than in the non-AKI group, at hospital admission. On univariate analysis, Cov-AKI was associated with older age (>62 years), hypertension, CRP, MCV, leucocytes, neutrophils, NLR, combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin treatment, use of mechanical ventilation, and vasoactive drugs. Multivariate analysis showed that hypertension and the use of vasoactive drugs were independently associated with a risk of higher AKI in COVID-19 patients. Finally, we preferentially found an altered erythrocyte and leukocyte cellular profile in the Cov-AKI group compared to the non-AKI group, at hospital discharge.ConclusionsIn our study, the development of AKI in patients with severe COVID-19 was related to inflammatory blood markers and therapy with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin, with vasopressor requirement and hypertension considered potential risk factors. Thus, attention to the protocol, hypertension, and some blood markers may help assist doctors with decision-making for the management of COVID-19 patients with AKI.

Project description:BackgroundAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) represents a clinical condition with poor prognosis. The incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients was about 22-57%. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS) are particularly exposed to AKI because of the related oxidative stress, inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion damage. Hence, the risk profile of patients undergoing CS who develop AKI and who are consequently at increased mortality risk deserves further investigation.MethodsWe designed a retrospective study examining consecutive patients undergoing any type of open-heart surgery from January to December 2018. Patients with a history of AKI were excluded. AKI was diagnosed according to KDIGO criteria. Univariate associations between clinical variables and AKI were tested using logistic regression analysis. Variable thresholds maximizing the association with AKI were measured with the Youden index. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of AKI through backward selection. Mortality risk factors were assessed through the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsWe studied 158 patients (mean age 51.2±9.7 years) of which 74.7% were males. Types of procedures performed were: isolated coronary artery bypass (CABG, 50.6%), valve (28.5%), aortic (3.2%) and combined (17.7%) surgery. Overall, incidence of AKI was 34.2%. At multivariable analysis, young age (p = 0.016), low blood glucose levels (p = 0.028), estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (p = 0.007), pH (p = 0.008), type of intervention (p = 0.031), prolonged extracorporeal circulation (ECC, p = 0.028) and cross-clamp (p = 0.021) times were associated with AKI. The threshold for detecting AKI were 91 and 51 minutes for ECC and cross-clamp times, respectively. At survival analysis, the presence of AKI, prolonged ECC and cross-clamp times, and low blood glucose levels forecasted mortality.ConclusionsAKI is common among CS patients and associates with shortened life-expectancy. Several pre-operative and intra-operative predictors are associated with AKI and future mortality. Future studies, aiming at improving prognosis in high-risk patients, by a stricter control of these factors, are awaited.

Dataset Information

Risk Factors for Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection.

Publications

Risk Factors for Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection.

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