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A Dietary Pattern Derived by Reduced Rank Regression is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in An Urban Ghanaian Population.

ABSTRACT: Reduced rank regression (RRR) is an innovative technique to establish dietary patterns related to biochemical risk factors for type 2 diabetes, but has not been applied in sub-Saharan Africa. In a hospital-based case-control study for type 2 diabetes in Kumasi (diabetes cases, 538; controls, 668) dietary intake was assessed by a specific food frequency questionnaire. After random split of our study population, we derived a dietary pattern in the training set using RRR with adiponectin, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides as responses and 35 food items as predictors. This pattern score was applied to the validation set, and its association with type 2 diabetes was examined by logistic regression. The dietary pattern was characterized by a high consumption of plantain, cassava, and garden egg, and a low intake of rice, juice, vegetable oil, eggs, chocolate drink, sweets, and red meat; the score correlated positively with serum triglycerides and negatively with adiponectin. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of type 2 diabetes for the highest quintile compared to the lowest was 4.43 (95% confidence interval: 1.87-10.50, p for trend < 0.001). The identified dietary pattern increases the odds of type 2 diabetes in urban Ghanaians, which is mainly attributed to increased serum triglycerides.

SUBMITTER: Frank LK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4517010 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Dietary Pattern Derived by Reduced Rank Regression is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in An Urban Ghanaian Population.

Frank Laura K LK Jannasch Franziska F Kröger Janine J Bedu-Addo George G Mockenhaupt Frank P FP Schulze Matthias B MB Danquah Ina I

Nutrients 20150707 7

Reduced rank regression (RRR) is an innovative technique to establish dietary patterns related to biochemical risk factors for type 2 diabetes, but has not been applied in sub-Saharan Africa. In a hospital-based case-control study for type 2 diabetes in Kumasi (diabetes cases, 538; controls, 668) dietary intake was assessed by a specific food frequency questionnaire. After random split of our study population, we derived a dietary pattern in the training set using RRR with adiponectin, HDL-chole ...[more]

PMID: 26198248

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Project description:BackgroundCombinations of circulating fatty acids may affect the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD). No previous studies have identified a dietary pattern predicting fatty acid profiles using reduced rank regression (RRR) and evaluated its associations with the risk of T2D and CAD.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to derive a dietary pattern to explain variation in plasma fatty acid concentrations using RRR and evaluate these in relation to risk of T2D and CAD.MethodsWe derived a dietary pattern using fatty acid concentrations from 711 controls of a nested case-control study in the Singapore Chinese Health Study using RRR with 36 food and beverages as predictors and 19 fatty acid biomarkers as responses. Dietary pattern scores were then calculated for the full cohort of men and women (mean age: 56 y). We followed up 45,411 and 58,065 participants for incident T2D and CAD mortality, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs.ResultsWe identified a dietary pattern high in soy, vegetables, fruits, tea, tomato products, bread, fish, margarine and dairy, and low in rice, red meat, coffee, alcohol, sugar-sweetened beverages, and eggs. This pattern predicted higher circulating n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs (18:3n-3, 20:3n-3, 20:5n-3), odd-chain fatty acids (15:0, 17:0), 18:2n-6 and 20:1, and lower 20:4n-6 and 16:1. During a mean follow-up of 11 y and 19 y, 5207 T2D and 3016 CAD mortality events, respectively, were identified. Higher dietary pattern scores were associated with a lower risk of T2D [multivariable-adjusted HR comparing extreme quintiles, 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.95); P-trend <0.001] and CAD mortality [HR, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.86); P-trend <0.001].ConclusionsDietary patterns reflecting higher circulating n-3 PUFAs, odd-chain fatty acids, and linoleic acid may be associated with lower T2D and CAD risk in Chinese adults. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03356340.

Project description:Diet plays a crucial role in cognitive function. Few studies have examined the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive functions of older adults in the Korean population. This study aimed to identify the effect of dietary patterns on the risk of mild cognitive impairment. A total of 239 participants, including 88 men and 151 women, aged 65 years and older were selected from health centers in the district of Seoul, Gyeonggi province, and Incheon, in Korea. Dietary patterns were determined using Reduced Rank Regression (RRR) methods with responses regarding vitamin B6, vitamin C, and iron intakes, based on both a one-day 24-h recall and a food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between dietary pattern score and the risk of mild cognitive impairment. A total of 20 (8%) out of the 239 participants had mild cognitive impairment. Three dietary patterns were identified: seafood and vegetables, high meat, and bread, ham, and alcohol. Among the three dietary patterns, the older adult population who adhered to the seafood and vegetables pattern, characterized by high intake of seafood, vegetables, fruits, bread, snacks, soy products, beans, chicken, pork, ham, egg, and milk had a decreased risk of mild cognitive impairment compared to those who did not (adjusted odds ratios 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.72) after controlling for gender, supplementation, education, history of dementia, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and duration of sleep. The other two dietary patterns were not significantly associated with the risk of mild cognitive impairment. In conclusion, high consumption of fruits, vegetables, seafood, and protein foods was significantly associated with reduced mild cognitive impairment in older Korean adults. These results can contribute to the establishment of dietary guidelines targeting older Korean adults to reduce mild cognitive impairments. Future prospective cohort studies are warranted to examine the effect of the seafood and vegetable dietary pattern on reducing mild cognitive impairment to prove the cause-effect relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function.

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A Dietary Pattern Derived by Reduced Rank Regression is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in An Urban Ghanaian Population.

Publications

A Dietary Pattern Derived by Reduced Rank Regression is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in An Urban Ghanaian Population.

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