Crystal structure of 15,16-ep-oxy-7β,9α-di-hydroxy-labdane-13(16),14-dien-6-one.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Singh VD
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4518982 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background and purposeNew antileishmanials from natural products are urgently needed due to the emergence of drug resistance complicated by severe cytotoxic effects. 16alpha-Hydroxycleroda-3,13 (14)Z-dien-15,16-olide (Compound 1) from Polyalthia longifolia was found to be a potential antileishmanial and non-cytotoxic, as evidenced by long-term survival (>6 months) of treated animals. This prompted us to determine its target and, using molecular modelling, identify the interactions responsible for its specific antileishmanial activity.Experimental approachIn vitro activity of compound was assessed using intracellular transgenic green fluorescent protein-stably expressed Leishmania donovani parasites. In vivo activity and survival of animals post-treatment were evaluated in L. donovani-infected hamsters. Known property of clerodane diterpenes as potent human DNA topoisomerase inhibitors led us to evaluate the inhibition of recombinant L. donovani topoisomerase I using relaxation assay. Mode of cell death induced by Compound 1 was assessed by phosphotidylserine exposure post-treatment. Molecular modelling studies were conducted with DNA topoisomerase I to identify the binding interactions responsible for its activity.Key resultsBioassay-guided fractionation led to isolation of Compound 1 as a non-cytotoxic, orally active antileishmanial. Compound 1 inhibited recombinant DNA topoisomerase I which, ultimately, induced apoptosis. Molecular docking studies indicated that five strong hydrogen-bonding interactions and hydrophobic interactions of Compound 1 with L. donovani DNA-topoisomerase are responsible for its antileishmanial activity.Conclusions and implicationsThe data reveal Compound 1 is a potent and safe antileishmanial. The study further exploited the structural determinants responsible for its non-cytotoxic and potent activity, to raise the feasibility of specifically targeting the target enzyme responsible for its activity through rational drug design.
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Project description:The title compound, C(26)H(34)O(9), a natural ent-kaurane diterpenoid, is composed of four rings with the expected cis and trans junctions. In the crystal structure, the mol-ecules stack along the a axis and are linked together by inter-molecular O-H?O hydrogen bonds.
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Project description: Not available
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Project description:The title compound, C(24)H(34)O(8), a natural ent-kaurane diterpenoid, is composed of four rings with the expected cis and trans junctions. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular O-H?O hydrogen bonds. In addition, an intra-molecular O-H?O hydrogen bond occurs.
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Project description:A clerodane diterpene compound 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD) is considered a therapeutic agent with pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the mechanisms of CD-induced apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells. CD inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. CD-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, associated with reduced expression of Bcl-2 and increased levels of cytosolic cytochrome c, cleaved PARP-1 and caspase-3. In addition, CD treatment led to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and inhibited expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 and led to increased levels of p21, p27Kip1 and p53. All of these events were accompanied with a reduction of pEGFR, pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, pAkt, pmTOR, pP70S6K1, HIF-1α, c-Myc and VEGF. RNAseq-based analysis revealed that CD-induced cell death was characterised by an increased expression of stress and apoptotic-related genes as well as inhibition of the cell cycle-related genes. In summary, CD induces apoptosis in T24 bladder cancer cells through targeting multiple intracellular signaling pathways as a result of oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest.
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