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Life-course body mass index trajectories and blood pressure in mid life in two British birth cohorts: stronger associations in the later-born generation.

ABSTRACT: Little is known about the impact of recent increases in obesity and more rapid gains in body mass index (BMI) on cardiovascular risk factors. We investigated life-course BMI trajectories associations with adult blood pressure (BP) across two generations.We used the the 1946 and 1958 British birth cohorts. Joint multivariate response models were fitted to longitudinal BMI measures [7, 11, 16, 20, 26, 36, 43 and 50 y (years): 1946 cohort, n?=?4787; 7, 11, 16, 23, 33 and 45 y: 1958 cohort, n?=?16,820] and mid-adult BP. We adopted linear spline models with random coefficients to characterize childhood and adult BMI slopes.Mean systolic BP (SBP) decreased from the earlier- to later-born cohort by 2.8?mmHg in females, not males; mean diastolic BP (DBP) decreased by 3.2-3.3?mmHg (both sexes). Adult BMI was higher in the later- than the earlier-born cohort by 1.3-1.8?kg/m(2), slopes of BMI trajectory were steeper from early adulthood and associations with adult BP were stronger. Associations between adult BMI and SBP were stronger in the later-born cohort. For males, childhood BMI slope was associated with SBP only in the later-born cohort; the association for adult BMI slope was stronger in the later-born cohort: correlation coefficient r?=?0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25,0.33] versus 0.13 (0.06,0.20). For females, childhood slope was associated with SBP in both cohorts; adult slope was associated with SBP only in the 1958 cohort [r?=?0.34 (0.31,0.37)]. Patterns of child-to-adult BMI associations were similar in relation to DBP.BP did not increase between two generations born 12 y apart despite higher BMI levels. A stronger association between BMI trajectory and BP in the later-born cohort suggests that BMI-related effects may have been offset by improvements in other factors linked to BP, such as diet and smoking.

SUBMITTER: Li L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4521132 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Life-course body mass index trajectories and blood pressure in mid life in two British birth cohorts: stronger associations in the later-born generation.

Li Leah L Hardy Rebecca R Kuh Diana D Power Chris C

International journal of epidemiology 20150614 3

<h4>Background</h4>Little is known about the impact of recent increases in obesity and more rapid gains in body mass index (BMI) on cardiovascular risk factors. We investigated life-course BMI trajectories associations with adult blood pressure (BP) across two generations.<h4>Methods</h4>We used the the 1946 and 1958 British birth cohorts. Joint multivariate response models were fitted to longitudinal BMI measures [7, 11, 16, 20, 26, 36, 43 and 50 y (years): 1946 cohort, n = 4787; 7, 11, 16, 23, ...[more]

PMID: 26078389

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Project description:Evidence for the contribution of individual foods and nutrients to bone health is weak. Few studies have considered hypothesis-based dietary patterns and bone health. We investigated whether a protein-calcium-potassium-rich (PrCaK-rich) dietary pattern over the adult life course, was positively associated with bone outcomes at 60 to 64 years of age. Diet diaries were collected at ages 36, 46, 53, and 60 to 64 years in 1263 participants (661 women) from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. DXA and pQCT measurements were obtained at age 60 to 64 years, including size-adjusted bone mineral content (SA-BMC) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). A food-based dietary pattern best explaining dietary calcium, potassium, and protein intakes (g/1000 kcal) was identified using reduced rank regression. Dietary pattern Z-scores were calculated for each individual, at each time point. Individual trajectories in dietary pattern Z-scores were modeled to summarize changes in Z-scores over the study period. Regression models examined associations between these trajectories and bone outcomes at age 60 to 64 years, adjusting for baseline dietary pattern Z-score and other confounders. A consistent PrCaK-rich dietary pattern was identified within the population, over time. Mean ± SD dietary pattern Z-scores at age 36 years and age 60 to 64 years were -0.32 ± 0.97 and 2.2 ± 1.5 (women) and -0.35 ± 0.98 and 1.7 ± 1.6 (men), respectively. Mean trajectory in dietary pattern Z-scores ± SD was 0.07 ± 0.02 units/year. Among women, a 0.02-SD unit/year higher trajectory in dietary pattern Z-score over time was associated with higher SA-BMC (spine 1.40% [95% CI, 0.30 to 2.51]; hip 1.35% [95% CI, 0.48 to 2.23]), and vBMD (radius 1.81% [95% CI, 0.13 to 3.50]) at age 60 to 64 years. No statistically significant associations were found in men. During adulthood, an increasing score for a dietary pattern rich in protein, calcium, and potassium was associated with greater SA-BMC at fracture-prone sites in women. This study emphasizes the importance of these nutrients, within the context of the whole diet, to bone health. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

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Dataset Information

Life-course body mass index trajectories and blood pressure in mid life in two British birth cohorts: stronger associations in the later-born generation.

Publications

Life-course body mass index trajectories and blood pressure in mid life in two British birth cohorts: stronger associations in the later-born generation.

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