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Chromium [Cr(VI)] biosorption property of the newly isolated actinobacterial probiont Streptomyces werraensis LD22.

ABSTRACT: The present work demonstrates the heavy metal resistance and detoxification of Cr(VI) by the probiotic actinobacterial cultures isolated from chicken and goat feces. The actinobacterial isolates were screened for heavy metal resistance by qualitative, semiquantitative assays and Cr(VI) biosorption was determined by analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). All the tested actinobacterial isolates (n = 20) showed resistance toward K₂Cr₂O₇, NiCl₂, ZnCl₂, CuSO₄ and PbNO₃ at 20 mg L^-1 concentration. The maximum tolerance concentration values were found to be 200-250 mg L^-1 for K₂Cr₂O₇, 100-250 mg L^-1 for PbNO₃ and <50-250 mg L^-1 for NiCl₂, ZnCl₂ and CuSO₄. Among the five tested heavy metals, Cr(VI) was resisted by 95 % of the tested actinobacterial cultures up to 250 mg L^-1 concentration; particularly, the isolate LD22 exhibited a high degree of tolerance to all the tested heavy metals. Thus, the isolate was justifiably chosen for Cr(VI) biosorption study and the biosorption efficacy was found maximum at 100 mg L^-1 of metal ion concentration (3 g L^-1 of biomass dosage and pH 7.0). FT-IR spectrum revealed the chemical interactions between the hydroxyl, amine and carboxyl groups of the biomass and the metal ions. On the basis of phenotypic, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics the isolate LD22 was identified as Streptomyces werraensis LD22 (JX524481) which could be used to develop a biosorbent for adsorbing Cr(VI) metal ions.

SUBMITTER: Latha S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4522735 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biodegradation of the metallic carcinogen hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) by an indigenously isolated bacterial strain.

Project description:BackgroundHexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], a potential mutagen and carcinogen, is regularly introduced into the environment through diverse anthropogenic activities, including electroplating, leather tanning, and pigment manufacturing. Human exposure to this toxic metal ion not only causes potential human health hazards but also affects other life forms. The World Health Organization, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and the Environmental Protection Agency have determined that Cr(VI) compounds are known human carcinogens. The Sukinda valley in Jajpur District, Orissa, is known for its deposit of chromite ore, producing nearly 98% of the chromite ore in India and one of the prime open cast chromite ore mines in the world (CES, Orissa Newsletter).Materials and methodsOur investigation involved microbial remediation of Cr(VI) without producing any byproduct. Bacterial cultures tolerating high concentrations of Cr were isolated from the soil sample collected from the chromite-contaminated sites of Sukinda, and their bioaccumulation properties were investigated. Strains capable of growing at 250 mg/L Cr(VI) were considered as Cr resistant.ResultsThe experimental investigation showed the maximum specific Cr uptake at pH 7 and temperature 30°C. At about 50 mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentrations, uptake of the selected potential strain exceeded 98% within 12 h of incubation. The bacterial isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Brevebacterium casei.ConclusionResults indicated promising approach for microbial remediation of effluents containing elevated levels of Cr(VI).

| S-EPMC2957624 | biostudies-literature

Biosorption of Cr(VI) by immobilized waste biomass from polyglutamic acid production.

Project description:Waste biomass from ?-polyglutamic acid production was used as an adsorbent to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater. Waste biomass was entrapped in sodium alginate to enhance performance. Orthogonal array design was used to optimize biosorption of Cr(VI) by immobilized waste biomass. The optimal adsorption conditions for immobilized waste biomass were as follows: pH 7.0, initial Cr(VI) concentration of 200?mg/L, 35?°C, waste biomass of 2?g/L, 60?min. Under these conditions, the absorption efficiency of Cr(VI) was 96.38?±?0.45%. When the waste biomass was treated with 1?mol/L HCl for 1?h, the desorption rate could reach 94.42?±?0.87%. It was shown that the adsorption kinetics followed the Freundlich adsorption model, indicating that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by bacteria was mainly based on multi-molecular layer adsorption. The absorption conditions of waste biomass were mild (pH 6.0-7.5, 20-35?°C) and easily operated. These investigations lay a foundation for reducing the pollution of ?-polyglutamic acid production, turning the biomass waste into a useful adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

| S-EPMC7048832 | biostudies-literature

Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain RCH2 isolated from a Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] contaminated site.

Project description:Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] is a widespread contaminant found in soil, sediment, and ground water in several DOE sites, including Hanford 100 H area. In order to stimulate microbially mediated reduction of Cr(VI) at this site, a poly-lactate hydrogen release compound was injected into the chromium contaminated aquifer. Targeted enrichment of dominant nitrate-reducing bacteria post injection resulted in the isolation of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain RCH2. P. stutzeri strain RCH2 was isolated using acetate as the electron donor and is a complete denitrifier. Experiments with anaerobic washed cell suspension of strain RCH2 revealed it could reduce Cr(VI) and Fe(III). The genome of strain RCH2 was sequenced using a combination of Illumina and 454 sequencing technologies and contained a circular chromosome of 4.6 Mb and three plasmids. Global genome comparisons of strain RCH2 with six other fully sequenced P. stutzeri strains revealed most genomic regions are conserved, however strain RCH2 has an additional 244 genes, some of which are involved in chemotaxis, Flp pilus biogenesis and pyruvate/2-oxogluturate complex formation.

| S-EPMC5299692 | biostudies-literature

Hexavalent chromium reduction by chromate-resistant haloalkaliphilic Halomonas sp. M-Cr newly isolated from tannery effluent.

Project description:The current study aimed to isolate and characterize a chromate-resistant bacterium from tannery effluent, able to reduce Cr(VI) aerobically at high pH and salinity. Environmental contamination by hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), presents a serious public health problem. Enrichment led to the isolation of 12 bacteria displaying different degrees of chromate reduction. Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence comparison indicated that the most potent strain belonged to the genus Halomonas. The new strain designated as Halomonas sp. M-Cr was able to reduce 82% of 50 mg L-1 Cr(VI) in 48 h, concomitant with discolouring of yellow colour of the medium and formation of white insoluble precipitate of Cr(III). It exhibited growth up to 3500 mg L-1 Cr(VI), 20% NaCl and showed strong Cr(VI) reduction under alkaline condition, pH 10. Scanning electron microscopy revealed precipitation of chromium hydroxide on bacterial cell surfaces, which showed characteristic peak of chromium in energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of related parameters for enhancing Cr(VI) reduction. Glucose, yeast extract and KH2PO 4 were confirmed as significant variables in the medium. Data suggest Halomonas sp. M-Cr as a promising candidate for bioremediation of Cr(VI) contaminated effluents particularly in saline and alkaline environments. Up to our knowledge, this is the first report on isolation of haloalkaliphilic Halomonas sp. from tannery effluent.

| S-EPMC4684053 | biostudies-literature

FANCD2 monoubiquitination and activation by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exposure: activation is not required for repair of Cr(VI)-induced DSBs.

Project description:Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure, and cancer susceptibility. FA cells are hypersensitive to DNA crosslinking agents. FA is a genetically heterogeneous disease with at least 11 complementation groups. The eight cloned FA proteins interact in a common pathway with established DNA-damage-response proteins, including BRCA1 and ATM. Six FA proteins (A, C, E, F, G, and L) regulate the monoubiquitination of FANCD2 after DNA damage by crosslinking agents, which targets FANCD2 to BRCA1 nuclear foci containing BRCA2 (FANCD1) and RAD51. Some forms of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] are implicated as respiratory carcinogens and induce several types of DNA lesions, including DNA interstrand crosslinks. We have shown that FA-A fibroblasts are hypersensitive to both Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis and clonogenic lethality. Here we show that Cr(VI) treatment induced monoubiquitination of FANCD2 in normal human fibroblasts, providing the first molecular evidence of Cr(VI)-induced activation of the FA pathway. FA-A fibroblasts demonstrated no FANCD2 monoubiquitination, in keeping with the requirement of FA-A for this modification. We also found that Cr(VI) treatment induced significantly more S-phase-dependent DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), as measured by gamma-H2AX expression, in FA-A fibroblasts compared to normal cells. However, and notably, DSBs were repaired equally in both normal and FA-A fibroblasts during recovery from Cr(VI) treatment. While previous research on FA has defined the genetic causes of this disease, it is critical in terms of individual risk assessment to address how cells from FA patients respond to genotoxic insult.

| S-EPMC2080350 | biostudies-literature

Biosorption Potential of Bacillus salmalaya Strain 139SI for Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution.

Project description:The present study investigated the biosorption capacity of live and dead cells of a novel Bacillus strain for chromium. The optimum biosorption condition was evaluated in various analytical parameters, including initial concentration of chromium, pH, and contact time. The Langmuir isotherm model showed an enhanced fit to the equilibrium data. Live and dead biomasses followed the monolayer biosorption of the active surface sites. The maximum biosorption capacity was 20.35 mg/g at 25 °C, with pH 3 and contact time of 50 min. Strain 139SI was an excellent host to the hexavalent chromium. The biosorption kinetics of chromium in the dead and live cells of Bacillus salmalaya (B. salmalaya) 139SI followed the pseudo second-order mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared indicated significant influence of the dead cells on the biosorption of chromium based on cell morphological changes. Approximately 92% and 70% desorption efficiencies were achieved using dead and live cells, respectively. These findings demonstrated the high sorption capacity of dead biomasses of B. salmalaya 139SI in the biosorption process. Thermodynamic evaluation (ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, and ΔS⁰) indicated that the mechanism of Cr(VI) adsorption is endothermic; that is, chemisorption. Results indicated that chromium accumulation occurred in the cell wall of B. salmalaya 139SI rather than intracellular accumulation.

| S-EPMC4690921 | biostudies-literature

Remediation of chromium-slag leakage with electricity cogeneration via a urea-Cr(VI) cell.

Project description:Chromium pollution has been historically widespread throughout the world. Most available remediation technologies often require energy consumption. This study is aimed to develop electrochemical remediation for Cr(VI) in chromium-slag leakage with self-generated electricity. Dynamic leaching experiments of chromium-slag samples were conducted to survey the release and leaching behavior of Cr(VI). Based on previous work, a unique urea-Cr(VI) was designed, in which urea was employed as the fuel and Cr(VI) from the leakage of the dichromate slag served as the oxidant. Furthermore, the electrochemical results showed that the removal percent of Cr(VI) was more than 96% after 18 h with the leakage Cr(VI) concentration of 2.69 mM. The open circuit potential (OCP) varied in the range of 1.56 ~ 1.59 V under different initial Cr(VI) leakage concentrations. The approach explores the feasibility of the promising technique without the need of energy input for simultaneous chromium-slag remediation and generation of electricity.

| S-EPMC4148671 | biostudies-other

Depletion of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by heat dried biomass of a newly isolated fungus Arthrinium malaysianum: A mechanistic approach.

Project description:For the first time, the heat dried biomass of a newly isolated fungus Arthrinium malaysianum was studied for the toxic Cr(VI) adsorption, involving more than one mechanism like physisorption, chemisorption, oxidation-reduction and chelation. The process was best explained by the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Redlich-Peterson isotherm with maximum predicted biosorption capacity (Q m ) of 100.69 mg g-1. Film-diffusion was the rate-controlling step and the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy-driven. The mode of interactions between Cr(VI) ions and fungal biomass were investigated by several methods [Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)]. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirmed significant reduction of Cr(VI) into non-toxic Cr(III) species. Further, a modified methodology of Atomic Force Microscopy was successfully attempted to visualize the mycelial ultra-structure change after chromium adsorption. The influence of pH, biomass dose and contact time on Cr(VI) depletion were evaluated by Response Surface Model (RSM). FESEM-EDX analysis also exhibited arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) peaks on fungus surface upon treating with synthetic solutions of NaAsO2 and Pb(NO3)2 respectively. Additionally, the biomass could also remove chromium from industrial effluents, suggesting the fungal biomass as a promising adsorbent for toxic metals removal.

| S-EPMC5595784 | biostudies-literature

Proteomic study of Streptomyces sp. MC1 exposed to Cr(VI) and phenanthrene

Project description:The aim of this work was to understand the response of Streptomyces sp. MC1 when exposed to Cr(VI) and phenantrene.

2020-11-25 | PXD018877 | Pride

Environmentally induced ribosomal DNA (rDNA) instability in human cells and populations exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)].

Project description:Hexavalent Chromium [Cr (VI)] is an established toxicant, carcinogen, and a significant source of public health concern. The multicopy ribosomal DNA (rDNA) array is mechanistically linked to aging and cancer, is the most evolutionarily conserved segment of the human genome, and gives origin to nucleolus, a nuclear organelle where ribosomes are assembled. Here we show that exposure to Cr (VI) induces instability in the rDNA, triggering cycles of rapid, specific, and transient amplification and contraction of the array in human cells. The dynamic of environmentally responsive rDNA copy number (CN) amplification and contraction occurs at doses to which millions of individuals are regularly exposed. Finally, analyses of human populations occupationally exposed to Cr (VI) indicate that environmental exposure history and drinking habits but not age shape extensive naturally occurring rDNA copy number variation. Our observations identify a novel pathway of response to hexavalent chromium exposure and raise the prospect that a suite of environmental determinants of rDNA copy number remain to be discovered.

| S-EPMC8477438 | biostudies-literature

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