Dataset Information

Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor/Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Signaling Confers Pathogenic Activity on Breast Tumor Cells Lacking REST.

ABSTRACT: Loss of repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor (REST) occurs in 20% of breast cancers and correlates with a poor patient prognosis. However, the molecular basis for enhanced malignancy in tumors lacking REST (RESTless) is only partially understood. We used multiplatform array data from the Cancer Genome Atlas to identify consistent changes in key signaling pathways. Of the proteins screened in the reverse-phase protein array, we found that insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is the most highly upregulated protein in RESTless breast tumors. Analysis of breast tumor cell lines showed that REST directly represses IRS1, and cells lacking REST have increased levels of IRS1 mRNA and protein. We find that the upregulation of IRS1 function is both necessary and sufficient for enhanced signaling and growth in breast cancer cells lacking REST. IRS1 overexpression is sufficient to phenocopy the enhanced activation of the signaling hubs AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of MCF7 cells lacking REST. Loss of REST renders MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells dependent on IRS1 activity for colony formation in soft agar. Inhibition of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) reduces the enhanced signaling, growth, and migration in breast tumor cells that occur upon REST loss. We show that loss of REST induces a pathogenic program that works through the IGF1R/IRS1 pathway.

SUBMITTER: Meyer K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4525306 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor/Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Signaling Confers Pathogenic Activity on Breast Tumor Cells Lacking REST.

Meyer Kassondra K Albaugh Brittany B Schoenike Barry B Roopra Avtar A

Molecular and cellular biology 20150622 17

Loss of repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor (REST) occurs in 20% of breast cancers and correlates with a poor patient prognosis. However, the molecular basis for enhanced malignancy in tumors lacking REST (RESTless) is only partially understood. We used multiplatform array data from the Cancer Genome Atlas to identify consistent changes in key signaling pathways. Of the proteins screened in the reverse-phase protein array, we found that insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is the m ...[more]

PMID: 26100015

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Project description:IntroductionRecently we reported that insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), classically an adaptor protein for the insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF-IR), associates with the epidermal growth factor receptor in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER+) tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. In this study, we examined whether IRS-1 also associates with another erbB receptor family member, erbB3, and what impact this might have on IGF-IR signalling in three ER+ breast cancer cell lines.MethodsImmunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis were utilised to examine the potential association between erbB3 and IRS-1 in MCF-7, T47D and BT-474 cells in the absence and presence of the erbB3/4 ligand heregulin β1 (HRGβ1). Subsequently, the impact of a selective IGF-IR/IR inhibitor 4-anilino-5-bromo-2-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-(N, N-dimethylamino)propoxy)anilino]pyrimidine on this association and HRGβ1 signalling was assessed in these cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of a small cohort of ER+ breast cancer patient samples was also performed to determine the potential clinical relevance of this novel interaction.ResultsImmunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis revealed an interaction between erbB3 and IRS-1 in MCF-7, T47D and BT-474 cells, with HRGβ1 significantly enhancing this recruitment and promoting IRS-1 phosphorylation at Y612. IRS-1 participates in erbB3 signalling in MCF-7 and T47D cells as IRS-1 knockdown impaired HRGβ1 signalling. Importantly, recruitment of IRS-1 by erbB3 reduced IRS-1 association with IGF-IR in MCF-7 and T47D cells, whilst blockade of IGF-IR-enhanced erbB3-IRS-1 interaction and sensitised both cell lines to HRGβ1, allowing HRGβ1 to override IGF-IR blockade. Consequently, suppression of IRS-1 signalling enhanced the effects of IGF-IR inhibition in these cells. This novel interaction may have clinical relevance, as immunohistochemical analysis of a small ER+ breast tumour series revealed significant positive correlations between phosphorylated IRS-1 Y612 expression and total erbB3, phosphorylated Akt and Ki-67 expression.ConclusionsIRS-1 can be recruited to IGF-IR and erbB3 in ER+ breast cancer cells, and this provides an adaptive resistance mechanism when these receptors are targeted individually. Consequently, cotargeting IGF-IR and either erbB3 or IRS-1 should prove to be a more effective strategy for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer.

Project description:BackgroundEarly analyses of human breast cancer identified high expression of the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) correlated with hormone receptor positive breast cancer and associated with a favorable prognosis, whereas low expression of IGF-1R correlated with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We previously demonstrated that the IGF-1R acts as a tumor and metastasis suppressor in the Wnt1 mouse model of TNBC. The mechanisms for how reduced IGF-1R contributes to TNBC phenotypes is unknown.MethodsWe analyzed the METABRIC dataset to further stratify IGF-1R expression with patient survival and specific parameters of TNBC. To investigate molecular events associated with the loss of IGF-1R function in breast tumor cells, we inhibited IGF-1R in human cell lines using an IGF-1R blocking antibody and analyzed MMTV-Wnt1-mediated mouse tumors with reduced IGF-1R function through expression of a dominant-negative transgene.ResultsOur analysis of the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) dataset revealed association between low IGF-1R and reduced overall patient survival. IGF-1R expression was inversely correlated with patient survival even within hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, indicating reduced overall patient survival with low IGF-1R was not due simply to low IGF-1R expression within TNBCs. Inhibiting IGF-1R in either mouse or human tumor epithelial cells increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. IGF-1R inhibition in tumor epithelial cells elevated interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression, which was reversed by ROS scavenging. Moreover, the Wnt1/dnIGF-1R primary tumors displayed a tumor-promoting immune phenotype. The increased CCL2 promoted an influx of CD11b+ monocytes into the primary tumor that also had increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 expression. Increased MMP activity in the tumor stroma was associated with enhanced matrix remodeling and collagen deposition. Further analysis of the METABRIC dataset revealed an increase in IL-6, CCL2, and MMP-9 expression in patients with low IGF-1R, consistent with our mouse tumor model and data in human breast cancer cell lines.ConclusionsOur data support the hypothesis that reduction of IGF-1R function increases cellular stress and cytokine production to promote an aggressive tumor microenvironment through infiltration of immune cells and matrix remodeling.

Dataset Information

Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor/Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Signaling Confers Pathogenic Activity on Breast Tumor Cells Lacking REST.

Publications

Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor/Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Signaling Confers Pathogenic Activity on Breast Tumor Cells Lacking REST.

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