Dataset Information

Readmissions among children previously hospitalized with pneumonia.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objectives

Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and readmission in children. Understanding the patient characteristics associated with pneumonia readmissions is necessary to inform interventions to reduce avoidable hospitalizations and related costs. The objective of this study was to characterize readmission rates, and identify factors and costs associated with readmission among children previously hospitalized with pneumonia.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized with pneumonia at the 43 hospitals included in the Pediatric Health Information System between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2011. The primary outcome was all-cause readmission within 30 days after hospital discharge, and the secondary outcome was pneumonia-specific readmission. We used multivariable regression models to identify patient and hospital characteristics and costs associated with readmission.

Results

A total of 82?566 children were hospitalized with pneumonia (median age, 3 years; interquartile range 1-7). Thirty-day all-cause and pneumonia-specific readmission rates were 7.7% and 3.1%, respectively. Readmission rates were higher among children <1 year of age, as well as in patients with previous hospitalizations, longer index hospitalizations, and complicated pneumonia. Children with chronic medical conditions were more likely to experience all-cause (odds ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 2.8-3.2) and pneumonia-specific readmission (odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.7-2.0) compared with children without chronic medical conditions. The median cost of a readmission ($11?344) was higher than that of an index admission ($4495; P = .01). Readmissions occurred in 8% of pneumonia hospitalizations but accounted for 16.3% of total costs for all pneumonia hospitalizations.

Conclusions

Readmissions are common after hospitalization for pneumonia, especially among young children and those with chronic medical conditions, and are associated with substantial costs.

SUBMITTER: Neuman MI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4531280 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Readmissions among children previously hospitalized with pneumonia.

Neuman Mark I MI Hall Matthew M Gay James C JC Blaschke Anne J AJ Williams Derek J DJ Parikh Kavita K Hersh Adam L AL Brogan Thomas V TV Gerber Jeffrey S JS Grijalva Carlos G CG Shah Samir S SS

Pediatrics 20140701 1

<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and readmission in children. Understanding the patient characteristics associated with pneumonia readmissions is necessary to inform interventions to reduce avoidable hospitalizations and related costs. The objective of this study was to characterize readmission rates, and identify factors and costs associated with readmission among children previously hospitalized with pneumonia.<h4>Methods</h4>Retrospective cohor ...[more]

PMID: 24958590

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Project description:RationaleIn the United States, approximately 20% of patients hospitalized with pneumonia are readmitted to a hospital within 30 days. Given the significant costs and healthcare system use resulting from unplanned readmissions, pneumonia readmission rates are a target of national quality measures. Patient do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status strongly influences hospital pneumonia mortality measures; however, associations between DNR status and 30-day readmissions after pneumonia are unclear.ObjectivesDetermine the effect of accounting for patient DNR status on hospital readmission measures for pneumonia.MethodsAfter excluding patients with missing data, those who died during the index hospitalization, those who were discharged against medical advice, those who did not reside in California, and those admitted to low pneumonia case-volume hospitals, we identified 30-day unplanned readmissions after an index pneumonia hospitalization from the 2011 California State Inpatient Database. We used hierarchical logistic regression to determine the association between early DNR status (within 24 hours of admission) and 30-day readmission and hospital risk-adjusted readmission rates.Measurements and main resultsWe identified 68,691 hospitalizations for pneumonia across 321 hospitals. Patients with early DNR orders were less likely to be readmitted within 30 days (20.0% vs. 22.5%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.99). Patients with pneumonia admitted to high-versus-low DNR rate hospitals were at lower risk for readmission (DNR rate quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55-0.70), regardless of individual DNR status. Higher hospital risk-adjusted DNR rates were strongly associated with lower risk-adjusted readmission rates (r?=?-0.44; P?<?0.0001). Inclusion of early DNR status in risk-adjusted readmission models changed ranking categories for 7/321 (2.2%) hospitals, with 2 hospitals no longer labeled as "under-performing outliers."ConclusionsPatients with an early DNR order have a lower risk for readmission after a pneumonia hospitalization. Unmeasured DNR status weakly confounds hospital readmission measures; accounting for patient DNR status would alter readmission ratings for a small number of hospitals.

Project description:BackgroundPneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in under fives. We carried out a comprehensive study to identify factors influencing both mortality and morbidity for children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with severe pneumonia.Methods200 hospitalized children aged 2-60 months with World Health Organization (WHO) defined severe pneumonia were enrolled in the study. The children were managed using a standard protocol. They were closely followed up for need for change in antibiotics, prolonged hospital stay, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality. Data on the factors influencing the outcome were collected.ResultsOf 200 children enrolled in the study, 113 (56.5%) needed a change in antibiotics, 102 (51%) stayed for more than 5 days in the hospital, 41 (20.5%) needed mechanical ventilation and 21 (10.5%) died. On multivariate analysis, lack of exclusive breastfeeding [RR (95%CI) 2.63 (2.16-2.86)], overcrowding [RR (95%CI) 1.94 (1.35-2.38)] and an abnormal chest x-ray [RR (95%CI) 2.29 (1.22-3.44)] were associated with the need for change of antibiotics. Lack of exclusive breastfeeding [RR (95%CI) 2.56 (2.0-2.93)], overcrowding [RR (95%CI) 2.59 (1.78-3.23)] and an abnormal chest x-ray [RR (95%CI) 2.99 (1.65-4.38)] were identified as determinants for prolonged hospital stay. Head nodding [RR (95%CI) 8.34 (2.71-12.77)], altered sensorium [RR (95%CI) 5.44 (1.34-17.56)], abnormal leukocyte counts [RR (95%CI) 5.85(1.36-17.14)] and pallor [RR (95%C) 10.88 (2.95-20.40)] were associated with mortality. Head nodding (RR (95% CI) 4.73 (1.50-6.36)] and cyanosis (RR (95%CI) 5.06 (1.80-11.34)] were the determining factors for mechanical ventilation. In radiographically confirmed pneumonia, the determining factors for change of antibiotics were: lack of exclusive breast feeding [RR (95% CI) 2.05 (1.69-2.2)] and low birth weight [RR (95% CI) 1.59 (1.1-1.89)]. For prolonged hospital stay, the factors identified were mothers' education less than graduation [RR (95% CI) 1.5 (1.19-1.7)], lack of exclusive breast feeding [RR (95% CI) 1.77 (1.19-2.09)] and oxygen saturation of < 90% at time of presentation [RR (95% CI) 2.06 (1.42-2.42)]. Determinants for mechanical ventilation were mothers' education less than graduation [RR (95% CI) 3.6 (1.15-6.3)] and cyanosis at presentation [RR (95% CI) 10.9 (1.56-18.9)]. For mortality, the only determinant was pallor [RR (95% CI) 10.54 (1.8-21.79)].ConclusionChildren hospitalized with severe community acquired pneumonia [as defined by World Health Organization (WHO)] who had not received exclusive breast feeding, had stayed in an overcrowded homes and had an abnormal chest radiograph were more likely to fail to respond with primary antibiotic regimen and require change of antibiotics and prolonged hospital stay. In children with radiographically confirmed pneumonia, lack of breast feeding and low birth weight was associated with need for change in antibiotics.

Dataset Information

Readmissions among children previously hospitalized with pneumonia.

Background and objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Readmissions among children previously hospitalized with pneumonia.

Similar Datasets

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