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Omega-3 fatty acids' effect on leptin and adiponectin concentrations in patients with spinal cord injury: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

ABSTRACT: Omega-3 fatty acids have been recently proposed to induce neural improvement in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) while affecting some hormones including leptin and adiponectin.We tried to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on circulatory concentrations of leptin and adiponectin among these patients.This study is a double-blinded randomized clinical trial with intervention duration of 14 months.A tertiary rehabilitation center.Total of 104 patients with SCI who did not meet our exclusion criteria entered the study. Those with history of diabetes, cancer, endocrinology disease, acute infection, and use of special medications were excluded. Patients were divided randomly into the treatment and control group by using permuted balanced block randomization.The treatment group received two MorDHA® capsules per day (each capsule contain 465 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 63 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) for 14 months while the control group received placebo capsules with similar color, shape, and taste.Leptin and adiponectin concentrations in plasma were measured at the beginning of trial and then after 6 and 14 months.Fourteen months of treatment with DHA and EPA did not influence concentrations of leptin but adiponectin level was significantly decreased (P: 0.03). Weight was positively correlated with leptin level at stage 0 of trial (P: 0.008, r=0.41) while this association was attenuated through stages of trial after intervention.Our data show that omega-3 fatty acids may not affect plasma concentrations of leptin but adiponectin level is decreased in patients with SCI. Moreover, this intervention influences the linear relationship between weight and leptin after 14 months administration of DHA and EPA.

SUBMITTER: Sabour H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4535802 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Omega-3 fatty acids' effect on leptin and adiponectin concentrations in patients with spinal cord injury: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

Sabour Hadis H Norouzi Javidan Abbas A Latifi Sahar S Shidfar Farzad F Heshmat Ramin R Emami Razavi Seyed-Hassan SH Vafa Mohammad Reza MR Larijani Bagher B

The journal of spinal cord medicine 20140806 5

<h4>Context</h4>Omega-3 fatty acids have been recently proposed to induce neural improvement in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) while affecting some hormones including leptin and adiponectin.<h4>Objectives</h4>We tried to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on circulatory concentrations of leptin and adiponectin among these patients.<h4>Design</h4>This study is a double-blinded randomized clinical trial with intervention duration of 14 months.<h4>Setting</h4>A tertiary rehabilitati ...[more]

PMID: 25096818

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Project description:While cardiovascular and mood benefits of dietary omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are manifest, direct neurophysiological evidence of their effects on cortical activity is still limited. Hence we chose to examine the effects of two proprietary fish oil products with different EPA:DHA ratios (EPA-rich, high EPA:DHA; DHA-rich) on mental processing speed and visual evoked brain activity. We proposed that nonlinear multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) would be sensitive to any alteration of the neural function induced by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, because the higher order kernel responses directly measure the degree of recovery of the neural system as a function of time following stimulation. Twenty-two healthy participants aged 18-34, with no known neurological or psychiatric disorder and not currently taking any nutritional supplementation, were recruited. A double-blind, crossover design was utilized, including a 30-day washout period, between two 30-day supplementation periods of the EPA-rich and DHA-rich diets (with order of diet randomized). Psychophysical choice reaction times and multi-focal nonlinear visual evoked potential (VEP) testing were performed at baseline (No Diet), and after each supplementation period. Following the EPA-rich supplementation, for stimulation at high luminance contrast, a significant reduction in the amplitude of the first slice of the second order VEP kernel response, previously related to activation in the magnocellular pathway, was observed. The correlations between the amplitude changes of short latency second and first order components were significantly different for the two supplementations. Significantly faster choice reaction times were observed psychophysically (compared with baseline performance) under the EPA-rich (but not DHA-rich) supplementation, while simple reaction times were not affected. The reduced nonlinearities observed under the EPA-rich diet suggest a mechanism involving more efficient neural recovery of magnocellular-like visual responses following cortical activation.

Project description:Spinal cord injury (SCI) can reshape gut microbial composition, significantly affecting clinical outcomes in SCI patients. However, mechanisms regarding gut-brain interactions and their clinical implications have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal microbial bioactive metabolites, may significantly affect the gut-brain axis and enhance functional recovery in a mouse model of SCI. We enrolled 59 SCI patients and 27 healthy control subjects and collected samples. Thereafter, gut microbiota and SCFAs were analyzed using 16 S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. We observed an increase in Actinobacteriota abundance and a decrease in Firmicutes abundance. Particularly, the SCFA-producing genera, such as Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Agathobacter were significantly downregulated among SCI patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, SCI induced downregulation of acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), and butyric acid (BA) in the SCI group. Fecal SCFA contents were altered in SCI patients with different injury course and injury segments. Main SCFAs (AA, BA, and PA) were administered in combination to treat SCI mice. SCFA supplementation significantly improved locomotor recovery in SCI mice, enhanced neuronal survival, promoted axonal formation, reduced astrogliosis, and suppressed microglial activation. Furthermore, SCFA supplementation downregulated NF-κB signaling while upregulating neurotrophin-3 expression following SCI. Microbial sequencing and metabolomics analysis showed that SCI patients exhibited a lower level of certain SCFAs and related bacterial strains than healthy controls. SCFA supplementation can reduce inflammation and enhance nourishing elements, facilitating the restoration of neurological tissues and the improvement of functional recuperation. Trial registration: This study was registered in the China Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ) on February 13, 2017 (ChiCTR-RPC-17010621).

Dataset Information

Omega-3 fatty acids' effect on leptin and adiponectin concentrations in patients with spinal cord injury: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

Publications

Omega-3 fatty acids' effect on leptin and adiponectin concentrations in patients with spinal cord injury: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

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