Dataset Information

Tibia and radius bone geometry and volumetric density in obese compared to non-obese adolescents.

ABSTRACT: Childhood obesity is associated with biologic and behavioral characteristics that may impact bone mineral density (BMD) and structure. The objective was to determine the association between obesity and bone outcomes, independent of sexual and skeletal maturity, muscle area and strength, physical activity, calcium intake, biomarkers of inflammation, and vitamin D status. Tibia and radius peripheral quantitative CT scans were obtained in 91 obese (BMI>97th percentile) and 51 non-obese adolescents (BMI>5th and <85th percentiles). Results were converted to sex- and race-specific Z-scores relative to age. Cortical structure, muscle area and muscle strength (by dynamometry) Z-scores were further adjusted for bone length. Obese participants had greater height Z-scores (p<0.001), and advanced skeletal maturity (p<0.0001), compared with non-obese participants. Tibia cortical section modulus and calf muscle area Z-scores were greater in obese participants (1.07 and 1.63, respectively, both p<0.0001). Tibia and radius trabecular and cortical volumetric BMD did not differ significantly between groups. Calf muscle area and strength Z-scores, advanced skeletal maturity, and physical activity (by accelerometry) were positively associated with tibia cortical section modulus Z-scores (all p<0.01). Adjustment for muscle area Z-score attenuated differences in tibia section modulus Z-scores between obese and non-obese participants from 1.07 to 0.28. After multivariate adjustment for greater calf muscle area and strength Z-scores, advanced maturity, and less moderate to vigorous physical activity, tibia section modulus Z-scores were 0.32 (95% CI -0.18, 0.43, p=0.06) greater in obese, vs. non-obese participants. Radius cortical section modulus Z-scores were 0.45 greater (p=0.08) in obese vs. non-obese participants; this difference was attenuated to 0.14 with adjustment for advanced maturity. These findings suggest that greater tibia cortical section modulus in obese adolescents is attributable to advanced skeletal maturation and greater muscle area and strength, while less moderate to vigorous physical activities offset the positive effects of these covariates. The impact of obesity on cortical structure was greater at weight bearing sites.

SUBMITTER: Leonard MB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4540475 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tibia and radius bone geometry and volumetric density in obese compared to non-obese adolescents.

Leonard Mary B MB Zemel Babette S BS Wrotniak Brian H BH Klieger Sarah B SB Shults Justine J Stallings Virginia A VA Stettler Nicolas N

Bone 20141210

Childhood obesity is associated with biologic and behavioral characteristics that may impact bone mineral density (BMD) and structure. The objective was to determine the association between obesity and bone outcomes, independent of sexual and skeletal maturity, muscle area and strength, physical activity, calcium intake, biomarkers of inflammation, and vitamin D status. Tibia and radius peripheral quantitative CT scans were obtained in 91 obese (BMI>97th percentile) and 51 non-obese adolescents ...[more]

PMID: 25497572

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Project description:Low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are associated with increased hip fracture risk and decreased femoral areal bone mineral density (BMD) among elderly men. Structural dimensions of the proximal femur and volumetric BMD in cortical and trabecular compartments are also associated with hip fracture risk. However, associations of volumetric BMD or structural dimensions with serum 25(OH)D concentrations among older men remain unclear. In a random sample of 1608 men aged ?65 years from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS), baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry assays. Femoral neck geometry and volumetric BMD derived from quantitative computed tomography included integral, cortical, and trabecular volumetric BMD; cross-sectional area; integral and cortical volume; and cortical volume as a percent of integral volume. We studied 888 men with vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), femoral neck geometry, and BMD measures. Whole-bone femoral strength and load-strength ratio from finite element (FE) analysis were also available for 356 men from this sample. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate least square means of each femoral measure within quartiles of 25(OH)D adjusted for age, race, body mass index, height, latitude, and season of blood draw. Tests of linear trend in the means were performed across increasing quartile of serum 25(OH)D levels. Mean cortical volume (p trend?=?0.006) and cortical volume as a percent of integral volume (p trend?<?0.001) increased across increasing quartile of 25(OH)D level. However, overall femoral neck size (area and integral volume) did not vary by 25(OH)D level. Femoral neck volumetric BMD measures increased in a graded manner with higher 25(OH)D levels (p trend?<?0.001). Femoral strength, but not load-strength ratio, increased with increasing 25(OH)D. Adjustment for PTH did not materially change these associations. We conclude that in older men, higher levels of endogenous 25(OH)D may increase whole-bone strength by increasing femoral volumetric BMD and cortical volume.

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Dataset Information

Tibia and radius bone geometry and volumetric density in obese compared to non-obese adolescents.

Publications

Tibia and radius bone geometry and volumetric density in obese compared to non-obese adolescents.

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