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A Review of Clinical Translation of Inorganic Nanoparticles.

ABSTRACT: Inorganic nanoparticles are widely used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes as they offer unique features as compared with their organic and polymeric counterparts. As such, inorganic nanoparticles represent an exciting opportunity to develop drug delivery and imaging systems that are poised to tackle unique challenges which are currently unaddressed in clinical settings. Despite these clear advantages, very few inorganic nanoparticle systems have entered the clinic. Here, we review the current clinical landscape of inorganic nanoparticle systems and their opportunities and challenges, with particular emphasis on gold-, iron-oxide- and silica-based nanoparticle systems. Key examples of inorganic nanoparticles that are currently being investigated in the clinic (e.g., trials which are recruiting or currently active but not completed) are highlighted, along with the preclinical work that these examples have leveraged to transition from the lab to the clinic.

SUBMITTER: Anselmo AC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4540735 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Review of Clinical Translation of Inorganic Nanoparticles.

Anselmo Aaron C AC Mitragotri Samir S

The AAPS journal 20150509 5

Inorganic nanoparticles are widely used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes as they offer unique features as compared with their organic and polymeric counterparts. As such, inorganic nanoparticles represent an exciting opportunity to develop drug delivery and imaging systems that are poised to tackle unique challenges which are currently unaddressed in clinical settings. Despite these clear advantages, very few inorganic nanoparticle systems have entered the clinic. Here, we review the curr ...[more]

PMID: 25956384

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Project description:Polymeric materials have been used in a range of pharmaceutical and biotechnology products for more than 40 years. These materials have evolved from their earlier use as biodegradable products such as resorbable sutures, orthopaedic implants, macroscale and microscale drug delivery systems such as microparticles and wafers used as controlled drug release depots, to multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) capable of targeting, and controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. These newer generations of targeted and controlled release polymeric NPs are now engineered to navigate the complex in vivo environment, and incorporate functionalities for achieving target specificity, control of drug concentration and exposure kinetics at the tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. Indeed this optimization of drug pharmacology as aided by careful design of multifunctional NPs can lead to improved drug safety and efficacy, and may be complimentary to drug enhancements that are traditionally achieved by medicinal chemistry. In this regard, polymeric NPs have the potential to result in a highly differentiated new class of therapeutics, distinct from the original active drugs used in their composition, and distinct from first generation NPs that largely facilitated drug formulation. A greater flexibility in the design of drug molecules themselves may also be facilitated following their incorporation into NPs, as drug properties (solubility, metabolism, plasma binding, biodistribution, target tissue accumulation) will no longer be constrained to the same extent by drug chemical composition, but also become in-part the function of the physicochemical properties of the NP. The combination of optimally designed drugs with optimally engineered polymeric NPs opens up the possibility of improved clinical outcomes that may not be achievable with the administration of drugs in their conventional form. In this critical review, we aim to provide insights into the design and development of targeted polymeric NPs and to highlight the challenges associated with the engineering of this novel class of therapeutics, including considerations of NP design optimization, development and biophysicochemical properties. Additionally, we highlight some recent examples from the literature, which demonstrate current trends and novel concepts in both the design and utility of targeted polymeric NPs (444 references).

Dataset Information

A Review of Clinical Translation of Inorganic Nanoparticles.

Publications

A Review of Clinical Translation of Inorganic Nanoparticles.

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