Dataset Information

Higher Intake of PUFAs Is Associated with Lower Total and Visceral Adiposity and Higher Lean Mass in a Racially Diverse Sample of Children.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with protection from obesity-related phenotypes in adults; however, the relation between reported intake of PUFAs with body-composition outcomes in children remains unknown. OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to examine how self-reported intakes of PUFAs, including total, n-6 (?-6), and n-3 (?-3) PUFAs and ratios of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs and PUFAs to saturated fatty acids (SFAs), are associated with measures of adiposity and lean mass (LM) in children. We hypothesized that higher self-reported intakes of PUFAs and the ratio of PUFAs to SFAs would be positively associated with LM and negatively associated with total adiposity. METHODS:Body composition and dietary intake were measured in a racially diverse sample of 311 children (39% European American, 34% African American, and 27% Hispanic American) aged 7-12 y. Body composition and abdominal fat distribution were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography scans, respectively. Self-reported dietary intakes (including total PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and SFAs) were assessed by using two 24-h recalls. Independent-sample t tests and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS:Total PUFA intake was positively associated with LM (P = 0.049) and negatively associated with percentage of body fat (%BF; P = 0.033) and intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT; P = 0.022). A higher ratio of PUFAs to SFAs was associated with higher LM (P = 0.030) and lower %BF (P = 0.028) and IAAT (P = 0.048). Intakes of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs were positively associated with LM (P = 0.017 and P = 0.021, respectively), and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs was negatively associated with IAAT (P = 0.014). All results were independent of biological, environmental, and genetic covariates. CONCLUSIONS:Our results show that a higher self-reported intake of PUFAs and a higher ratio of PUFAs to SFAs are positively associated with LM and negatively associated with visceral adiposity and %BF in a healthy cohort of racially diverse children aged 7-12 y. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00726778.

SUBMITTER: Cardel M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4548162 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Higher Intake of PUFAs Is Associated with Lower Total and Visceral Adiposity and Higher Lean Mass in a Racially Diverse Sample of Children.

Cardel Michelle M Lemas Dominick J DJ Jackson Kristina Harris KH Friedman Jacob E JE Fernández José R JR

The Journal of nutrition 20150812 9

<h4>Background</h4>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with protection from obesity-related phenotypes in adults; however, the relation between reported intake of PUFAs with body-composition outcomes in children remains unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>Our objective was to examine how self-reported intakes of PUFAs, including total, n-6 (ω-6), and n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs and ratios of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs and PUFAs to saturated fatty acids (SFAs), are associated with measures of adiposity and lean m ...[more]

PMID: 26269238

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Project description:BackgroundReflection spectroscopy, utilized by the Veggie Meter, is a less-expensive, noninvasive method to quantify skin carotenoids and is a valid approximation of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. However, it is unknown to what degree Veggie Meter-assessed skin carotenoid score change is responsive to changes in carotenoid intake.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate Veggie Meter-assessed skin carotenoid score response in a 6-wk randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice to determine whether the Veggie Meter can be used to detect nutritionally relevant changes in carotenoid intake; and to compare skin and plasma carotenoid responses with the 6-wk trial.MethodsIn this 6-wk trial, participants (n = 162) who self-identified as one of 4 US racial/ethnic groups (25% Black, 25% Asian, 27% non-Hispanic White, 23% Hispanic) were randomized to a control group, receiving negligible carotenoids (177 mL apple juice/d), moderate-dose group, receiving 4 mg total carotenoids/d (177 mL orange-carrot juice/d), or high-dose group, receiving 8 mg total carotenoids/d (355 mL orange-carrot juice/d). Skin carotenoid score and plasma total carotenoid concentrations (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin) were assessed at baseline, 3 wk, and 6 wk (n = 158 completed the trial). Repeated measures linear models were used to examine skin and plasma carotenoids over time and between groups.ResultsAt 6 wk, participants in the high-dose and moderate-dose groups had significantly higher mean skin carotenoid scores [414.0 (SD = 100.6) and 369.7 (SD = 100.3), respectively] compared with those in the control group [305.2 (100.5)]. In the high-dose group, there was a 42% change in skin carotenoids from baseline (mean = 290.4) to a 6-wk follow-up (increase of 123, 123/290 = 42.4%). There was a 61% change in the plasma carotenoids in the high-dose group.ConclusionsThe Veggie Meter is sensitive to increases in daily carotenoid intake in diverse racial/ethnic groups over 6 wk.Clinical trials registry numberThis trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ID: NCT04056624. Study URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04056624.

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Dataset Information

Higher Intake of PUFAs Is Associated with Lower Total and Visceral Adiposity and Higher Lean Mass in a Racially Diverse Sample of Children.

Publications

Higher Intake of PUFAs Is Associated with Lower Total and Visceral Adiposity and Higher Lean Mass in a Racially Diverse Sample of Children.

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