Face matching in a long task: enforced rest and desk-switching cannot maintain identification accuracy.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Alenezi HM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4548491 | biostudies-literature | 2015
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Face matching in a long task: enforced rest and desk-switching cannot maintain identification accuracy.
Alenezi Hamood M HM Bindemann Markus M Fysh Matthew C MC Johnston Robert A RA
PeerJ 20150818
In face matching, observers have to decide whether two photographs depict the same person or different people. This task is not only remarkably difficult but accuracy declines further during prolonged testing. The current study investigated whether this decline in long tasks can be eliminated with regular rest-breaks (Experiment 1) or room-switching (Experiment 2). Both experiments replicated the accuracy decline for long face-matching tasks and showed that this could not be eliminated with rest ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Identity comparisons of photographs of unfamiliar faces are prone to error but important for applied settings, such as person identification at passport control. Finding techniques to improve face-matching accuracy is therefore an important contemporary research topic. This study investigated whether matching accuracy can be improved by instruction to attend to specific facial features. Experiment 1 showed that instruction to attend to the eyebrows enhanced matching accuracy for optimized same-day same-race face pairs but not for other-race faces. By contrast, accuracy was unaffected by instruction to attend to the eyes, and declined with instruction to attend to ears. Experiment 2 replicated the eyebrow-instruction improvement with a different set of same-race faces, comprising both optimized same-day and more challenging different-day face pairs. These findings suggest that instruction to attend to specific features can enhance face-matching accuracy, but feature selection is crucial and generalization across face sets may be limited.
| S-EPMC5854257 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study investigated the impact of time pressure on matching accuracy with face pairs that combined photographs from student ID cards with high-quality person portraits, and under conditions that provided infrequent identity mismatches. Time pressure was administered via two onscreen displays that observers could use to adjust the amount of time that was allocated to a given trial while completing a block of trials within a required timeframe. Under these conditions, observers matched faces under time pressure that varied from 10 to 2 s (Experiment 1) and 8 to 2 s (Experiment 2). An effect of time pressure was found in each experiment, whereby performance deteriorated under time targets of 4 s. Additionally, a match response bias emerged consistently across blocks, and indicated that separately to time pressure, performance also deteriorated due to time passage. These results therefore indicate that both time passage and pressure exert detrimental effects on face matching.
| S-EPMC5493919 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionInterruptions in the emergency department (ED) are associated with clinical errors, yet are important when providing care to multiple patients. Screening triage electrocardiograms (ECG) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) represent a critical interrupting task that emergency physicians (EP) frequently encounter. To address interruptions such as ECG interpretation, many EPs engage in task switching, pausing their primary task to address an interrupting task. The impact of task switching on clinical errors in interpreting screening ECGs for STEMI remains unknown.MethodsResident and attending EPs were invited to participate in a crossover simulation trial. Physicians first completed a task-switching simulation in which they viewed patient presentations interrupted by clinical tasks, including screening ECGs requiring immediate interpretation before resuming the patient presentation. Participants then completed an uninterrupted simulation in which patient presentations and clinical tasks were completed sequentially without interruption. The primary outcome was accuracy of ECG interpretation for STEMI during task switching and uninterrupted simulations.ResultsThirty-five participants completed the study. We found no significant difference in accuracy of ECG interpretation for STEMI (task switching 0.89, uninterrupted 0.91, paired t-test p=0.21). Attending physician status (odds ratio [OR] [2.56], confidence interval [CI] [1.66-3.94], p<0.01) and inferior STEMI (OR [0.08], CI [0.04-0.14], p<0.01) were associated with increased and decreased odds of correct interpretation, respectively. Low self-reported confidence in interpretation was associated with decreased odds of correct interpretation in the task-switching simulation, but not in the uninterrupted simulation (interaction p=0.02).ConclusionIn our simulation, task switching was not associated with overall accuracy of ECG interpretation for STEMI. However, odds of correct interpretation decreased with inferior STEMI ECGs and when participants self-reported low confidence when interrupted. Our study highlights opportunities to improve through focused ECG training, as well as self-identification of "high-risk" screening ECGs prone to error during interrupted clinical workflow.
| S-EPMC6324702 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Speed and accuracy of performance are central to many theoretical accounts of cognitive processing. In recent years, several integrated performance measures have been proposed. A comparative study of the available measures [Vandierendonck, A. (2017). A comparison of methods to combine speed and accuracy measures of performance: A rejoinder on the binning procedure. Behavior Research Methods, 49, 653-673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0721-5] concluded that three of the measures, namely inverse efficiency score, rate correct score, and linear integrated speed-accuracy score achieved a balanced integration of speed and accuracy. As a follow-up on that study, these three measures were examined in data analyses from 13 (published and unpublished) experiments in the context of task switching. The correlations of the effect sizes in these integrated scores with the effect sizes obtained in latency and accuracy were high, but varied across the three integrated measures. The efficiency to detect effects supported by the speed and accuracy data was examined by means of signal detection analyses. The three measures efficiently detected effects present in either speed or accuracy, but the rate correct score was less efficient than the other two measures and it signalled a larger number of strong effects unsupported by the speed and accuracy data. It is concluded that while the rate correct score is better avoided, and the usage of the inverse efficiency score should be restricted to data with low overall error rates, the linear integrated speed-accuracy score proves to be valid.
| S-EPMC6646946 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionApproximately one in six people will experience an episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) in their lifetime. Effective treatment is hindered by subjective clinical decision-making and a lack of objective prognostic biomarkers. Functional MRI (fMRI) could provide such an objective measure but the majority of MDD studies has focused on static approaches, disregarding the rapidly changing nature of the brain. In this study, we aim to predict depression severity changes at 3 and 6 months using dynamic fMRI features.MethodsFor our research, we acquired a longitudinal dataset of 32 MDD patients with fMRI scans acquired at baseline and clinical follow-ups 3 and 6 months later. Several measures were derived from an emotion face-matching fMRI dataset: activity in brain regions, static and dynamic functional connectivity between functional brain networks (FBNs) and two measures from a wavelet coherence analysis approach. All fMRI features were evaluated independently, with and without demographic and clinical parameters. Patients were divided into two classes based on changes in depression severity at both follow-ups.ResultsThe number of coherence clusters (nCC) between FBNs, reflecting the total number of interactions (either synchronous, anti-synchronous or causal), resulted in the highest predictive performance. The nCC-based classifier achieved 87.5% and 77.4% accuracy for the 3- and 6-months change in severity, respectively. Furthermore, regression analyses supported the potential of nCC for predicting depression severity on a continuous scale. The posterior default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN) and two visual networks were the most important networks in the optimal nCC models. Reduced nCC was associated with a poorer depression course, suggesting deficits in sustained attention to and coping with emotion-related faces. An ensemble of classifiers with demographic, clinical and lead coherence features, a measure of dynamic causality, resulted in a 3-months clinical outcome prediction accuracy of 81.2%.DiscussionThe dynamic wavelet features demonstrated high accuracy in predicting individual depression severity change. Features describing brain dynamics could enhance understanding of depression and support clinical decision-making. Further studies are required to evaluate their robustness and replicability in larger cohorts.
| S-EPMC10996064 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Matching the identity of unfamiliar faces is important in applied identity verification tasks, for example when verifying photo ID at border crossings, in secure access areas, or when issuing identity credentials. In these settings, other biographical details-such as name or date of birth on an identity document-are also often compared to existing records, but the impact of these concurrent checks on decisions has not been examined. Here, we asked participants to sequentially compare name, then face information between an ID card and digital records to detect errors. Across four experiments (combined n = 274), despite being told that mismatches between written name pairs and face image pairs were independent, participants were more likely to say that face images matched when names also matched. Across all experiments, we found that this bias was unaffected by the image quality, suggesting that the source of the bias is somewhat independent of perceptual processes. In a final experiment, we show that this decisional bias was found only for name checks, but not when participants were asked to check ID card expiration dates or unrelated object names. We conclude that the bias arises from processing identity information and propose that it operates at the level of unfamiliar person identity representations. Results are interpreted in the context of theoretical models of face processing, and we discuss applied implications.
| S-EPMC9556678 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Task-rest interactions, defined as the modulation of brain activation during fixation periods depending on the preceding stimulation and experimental manipulation, have been described repeatedly for different cognitively demanding tasks in various regions across the brain. However, task-rest interactions in emotive paradigms have received considerably less attention. In this study, we therefore investigated task-rest interactions evoked by the induction and instructed regulation of negative emotion. Whole-brain, functional MRI data were acquired from 55 healthy participants. Two-level general linear model statistics were computed to test for differences between conditions, separately for stimulation and for fixation periods, as well as for interactions between stimulation and fixation (task-rest interactions). Results showed that the regulation of negative emotion led to reverse task-rest interactions (decreased activation during stimulation but increased activation during fixation) in the amygdala as well as in visual cortex regions and to concordant task-rest interactions (increased activation during both, stimulation and fixation) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as in a number of brain regions at the intersection of the default mode and the dorsal attention networks. Thus, this first whole-brain investigation of task-rest interactions following the induction and regulation of negative emotion identified a widespread specific modulation of brain activation in regions subserving emotion generation and regulation as well as regions implicated in attention and default mode.
| S-EPMC3969367 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIndividuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) show aberrant brain dynamics (i.e., altered recruitment or traversal through different brain states over time). Existing investigations of brain dynamics typically assume that one dominant brain state characterizes each time point. However, as multiple brain states likely are engaged at any given moment, this approach can obscure alterations in less prominent but critical brain states. Here, we examined brain dynamics in BD and SCZ by implementing a novel framework that simultaneously assessed the engagement of multiple brain states.MethodsFour recurring brain states were identified by applying nonlinear manifold learning and k-means clustering to the Human Connectome Project task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging data. We then assessed moment-to-moment state engagement in 2 independent samples of healthy control participants and patients with BD or SCZ using resting-state (N = 336) or task-based (N = 217) functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Relative state engagement and state engagement variability were extracted and compared across groups using multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for site, medication, age, and sex.ResultsOur framework identified dynamic alterations in BD and SCZ, while a state discretization approach revealed no significant group differences. Participants with BD or SCZ showed reduced state engagement variability, but not relative state engagement, across multiple brain states during resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found decreased state engagement variability in older participants and preliminary evidence suggesting an association with avolition.ConclusionsAssessing multiple brain states simultaneously can reflect the complexity of aberrant brain dynamics in BD and SCZ, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underpinning these conditions.
| S-EPMC10524212 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Confidence is assumed to be an indicator of identification accuracy in legal practices (e.g., forensic face examination). However, it is not clear whether people can evaluate the correctness of their face-identification decisions reliably using confidence reports. In the current experiment, confidence in the correctness of the perceptual decision was measured with a confidence forced-choice methodology: Upon completion of two perceptual face-identity matching trials, the participants were asked to compare the two decisions and to select the trial on which they felt more confident. On each face-identity matching trial, participants viewed three face images (two same-identity images, one different-identity image) and were instructed to select the image of the different identity. In order to measure the extent to which difficulty level informs confidence decisions, we selected face-image triads using item-difficulty estimates extracted from psychometric modeling applied in a prior study. The difference in difficulty between the paired face-image triads predicted the proportion of high-confidence judgments allocated to the easier trial of the pair. Consistent with the impact of difficulty monitoring on confidence judgments, performance was significantly more accurate on trials associated with higher confidence. Overall, the results suggested that people reliably evaluate the correctness of their perceptual face-identity matching decisions and use trial difficulty to evaluate confidence.
| S-EPMC10700421 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the present study, we investigated whether police officers' performance in searching for unfamiliar faces in a video-based real-world task is predicted by laboratory-based face processing tests that are typically used to assess individual differences in face processing abilities. Specifically, perceptual performance in the field was operationalized via the identification of target individuals in self-made close-circuit television (CCTV) video tapes. Police officers' abilities in the laboratory were measured by the Cambridge Face Memory Test long form (CFMT+). We hypothesized that the CFMT+ predicts individual differences in the CCTV task performance. A total of N = 186 police officers of the Rhineland-Palatinate State Police participated in the study (i.e., N = 139 novice and advanced cadets with either 3 months, 15 months or 24 months of pre-service experience; N = 47 experienced police officers with three years of pre-service experience and at least two years of full-service experience, who participated in the assessment center of the special police forces, specifically the surveillance and technical unit). Results revealed that the CFMT+ explained variance in the CCTV task. In sample 1, CFMT+ scores predicted hits, but not false alarms. In contrast, in sample 2, CFMT+ scores were correlated with both hits and false alarms. From a theoretical perspective, we discuss factors that might explain CCTV task performance. From a practical perspective, we recommend that personnel selection processes investigating individual differences of police officers' face processing abilities should comprise of two steps. At first, laboratory-based tests of face processing abilities should be applied. Subsequently, to validate laboratory-based individual differences in face processing abilities, we recommend that work samples such as CCTV tasks from the field should be added.
| S-EPMC8342700 | biostudies-literature