Twenty Years of Active Bacterial Core Surveillance.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Langley G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4550139 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:SummaryIn Germany, active bat rabies surveillance was conducted between 1993 and 2012. A total of 4546 oropharyngeal swab samples from 18 bat species were screened for the presence of EBLV-1- , EBLV-2- and BBLV-specific RNA. Overall, 0·15% of oropharyngeal swab samples tested EBLV-1 positive, with the majority originating from Eptesicus serotinus. Interestingly, out of seven RT-PCR-positive oropharyngeal swabs subjected to virus isolation, viable virus was isolated from a single serotine bat (E. serotinus). Additionally, about 1226 blood samples were tested serologically, and varying virus neutralizing antibody titres were found in at least eight different bat species. The detection of viral RNA and seroconversion in repeatedly sampled serotine bats indicates long-term circulation of the virus in a particular bat colony. The limitations of random-based active bat rabies surveillance over passive bat rabies surveillance and its possible application of targeted approaches for future research activities on bat lyssavirus dynamics and maintenance are discussed.
| S-EPMC9161227 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Twenty years have passed since the emergence of hantavirus zoonosis in Panama at the beginning of this millennium. We provide an overview of epidemiological surveillance of hantavirus disease (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hantavirus fever) during the period 1999-2019 by including all reported and confirmed cases according to the case definition established by the health authority. Our findings reveal that hantavirus disease is a low-frequency disease, affecting primarily young people, with a relatively low case-fatality rate compared to other hantaviruses in the Americas (e.g., ANDV and SNV). It presents an annual variation with peaks every 4-5 years and an interannual variation influenced by agricultural activities. Hantavirus disease is endemic in about 27% of Panama, which corresponds to agroecological conditions that favor the population dynamics of the rodent host, Oligoryzomys costaricensis and the virus (Choclo orthohantavirus) responsible for hantavirus disease. However, this does not rule out the existence of other endemic areas to be characterized. Undoubtedly, decentralization of the laboratory test and dissemination of evidence-based surveillance guidelines and regulations have standardized and improved diagnosis, notification at the level of the primary care system, and management in intensive care units nationwide.
| S-EPMC10304491 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The clinical characteristics of children diagnosed with Rett syndrome are well described. Survival and how these characteristics persist or change in adulthood are less well documented. This study aimed to describe overall survival and adult health in those with Rett syndrome.Using the Kaplan-Meier method, we estimated survival of individuals registered with the Australian Rett syndrome Database (ARSD) who had been followed for up to 20 years (n?=?396). We then conducted logistic and linear regression analyses investigating epilepsy, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, autonomic dysfunction and behaviour of individuals aged 18 years and over using cross sectional cohorts from the ARSD (n?=?150) and the international database InterRett (n?=?273).The likelihood of survival was 77.6% at 20 years, 71.5% at 25 years and 59.8% at 37 years. The median age of the combined cross-sectional cohort was 25 years (range 18 to 54 years), the majority (71%) were living in their parental home and the remainder being cared for in group homes or other institutions. Just over half walked either independently (18%) or with assistance (43%). The majority (86%) had scoliosis with 40% of those having undergone corrective surgery. Almost two-thirds (64%) of the women were taking anti-epileptic medications at the time of data collection. Constipation was highly prevalent (83%) and many experienced bloating (53%). Biliary dyskinesia, inflammation or infection of the gallbladder was reported for 20 women (5%) and of those 13 had undergone gallbladder surgery. Sleep disturbance was relatively common (63%), and adverse mood events and anxiety were slightly more prevalent in those aged 26-30 years in comparison to the younger and older age groups. Other frequently reported medical conditions included urinary tract infections, pneumonia and other respiratory conditions.Survival in Rett syndrome has now been estimated with the most accurate follow up to date. During adulthood, continuation of multidisciplinary services and programs is necessary to optimise health and wellbeing.
| S-EPMC4078387 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We characterized 22 meningococcal disease cases due to nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis, a rare cause of invasive disease. Disease presentation and severity were similar to those for serogroupable meningococcal disease. However, 7 (32%) patients had complement deficiency or abnormal complement testing results, highlighting the importance of complement testing for nongroupable cases.
| S-EPMC6524832 | biostudies-literature
Project description:About two decades ago, cloning of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene materialized one of the most important actors on the scene of self-tolerance. Thymic transcription of genes encoding tissue-specific antigens (ts-ags) is activated by AIRE protein and embodies the essence of thymic self-representation. Pathogenic AIRE variants cause the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1, which is a rare and complex disease that is gaining attention in research on autoimmunity. The animal models of disease, although not identically reproducing the human picture, supply fundamental information on mechanisms and extent of AIRE action: thanks to its multidomain structure, AIRE localizes to chromatin enclosing the target genes, binds to histones, and offers an anchorage to multimolecular complexes involved in initiation and post-initiation events of gene transcription. In addition, AIRE enhances mRNA diversity by favoring alternative mRNA splicing. Once synthesized, ts-ags are presented to, and cause deletion of the self-reactive thymocyte clones. However, AIRE function is not restricted to the activation of gene transcription. AIRE would control presentation and transfer of self-antigens for thymic cellular interplay: such mechanism is aimed at increasing the likelihood of engagement of the thymocytes that carry the corresponding T-cell receptors. Another fundamental role of AIRE in promoting self-tolerance is related to the development of thymocyte anergy, as thymic self-representation shapes at the same time the repertoire of regulatory T cells. Finally, AIRE seems to replicate its action in the secondary lymphoid organs, albeit the cell lineage detaining such property has not been fully characterized. Delineation of AIRE functions adds interesting data to the knowledge of the mechanisms of self-tolerance and introduces exciting perspectives of therapeutic interventions against the related diseases.
| S-EPMC5816566 | biostudies-literature
Project description:From 2015-2018 to 2019‒2021, hypertoxigenic M1UK lineage among invasive group A Streptococcus increased in the United States (1.7%, 21/1,230 to 11%, 65/603; p<0.001). M1UK was observed in 9 of 10 states, concentrated in Georgia (n = 41), Tennessee (n = 13), and New York (n = 13). Genomic cluster analysis indicated recent expansions.
| S-EPMC10521608 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Parvoviruses, infecting vertebrates and invertebrates, are a family of single-stranded DNA viruses with small, non-enveloped capsids with T = 1 icosahedral symmetry. A quarter of a century after the first parvovirus capsid structure was published, approximately 100 additional structures have been analyzed. This first structure was that of Canine Parvovirus, and it initiated the practice of structure-to-function correlation for the family. Despite high diversity in the capsid viral protein (VP) sequence, the structural topologies of all parvoviral capsids are conserved. However, surface loops inserted between the core secondary structure elements vary in conformation that enables the assembly of unique capsid surface morphologies within individual genera. These variations enable each virus to establish host niches by allowing host receptor attachment, specific tissue tropism, and antigenic diversity. This review focuses on the diversity among the parvoviruses with respect to the transcriptional strategy of the encoded VPs, the advances in capsid structure-function annotation, and therapeutic developments facilitated by the available structures.
| S-EPMC6521121 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The concept of the druggable genome has been with us for 20 years. During this time, researchers have developed several methods and resources to help assess a target's druggability. In parallel, evidence for target-disease associations has been collated at scale by Open Targets. More recently, the Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) have built a knowledge base matching per-residue annotations with available protein structure. While each resource is useful in isolation, we believe there is enormous potential in bringing all relevant data into a single knowledge graph, from gene-level to protein residue. Automation is vital for the processing and assessment of all available structures. We have developed scalable, automated workflows that provide hotspot-based druggability assessments for all available structures across large numbers of targets. Ultimately, we will run our method at a proteome scale, an ambition made more realistic by the arrival of AlphaFold 2. Bringing together annotations from the residue up to the gene level and building connections within the graph to represent pathways or protein-protein interactions will create complexity that mirrors the biological systems they represent. Such complexity is difficult for the human mind to utilise effectively, particularly at scale. We believe that graph-based AI methods will be able to expertly navigate such a knowledge graph, selecting the targets of the future.
| S-EPMC9580872 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Campi Flegrei (CF) is an active and densely populated caldera in Southern Italy, which has manifested signs of significant unrest in the last 50 years. Due to the high volcanic risk, monitoring networks of the most sensitive unrest indicators have been implemented and improved over time. Precious database constituted by geophysical and geochemical data allowed the study of the caldera unrest phases. In this paper we retrace the caldera history in the time span 2000-2020 by analyzing displacement, seismicity and geochemical time series in a unified framework. To this end, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was firstly applied only on geochemical data because of their compositional nature. The retrieved first three components were successively analyzed via PCA together with the geophysical and thermodynamical variables. Our results suggest that three independent processes relay on geochemical observations: a heating/pressurizing of the hydrothermal system, a process related to magmatic fluids injection at the hydrothermal system roots, and third process probably connected with a deeper magmatic dynamic. The actual volcano alert state seems mainly linked to the variation of the hydrothermal system activity. Our approach made it possible to explore the interrelation among observations of different nature highlighting the importance of the relative driving processes over time.
| S-EPMC10611777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mediator is a large multiprotein complex conserved in all eukaryotes that plays an essential role in transcriptional regulation. Mediator comprises 25 subunits in yeast and 30 subunits in humans that form three main modules and a separable four-subunit kinase module. For nearly 20 years, because of its size and complexity, Mediator has posed a formidable challenge to structural biologists. The first two-dimensional electron microscopy (EM) projection map of Mediator leading to the canonical view of its division in three topological modules named Head, Middle and Tail, was published in 1999. Within the last few years, optimization of Mediator purification combined with technical and methodological advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have revealed unprecedented details of Mediator subunit organization, interactions with RNA polymerase II and parts of its core structure at high resolution. To celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the first Mediator EM reconstruction, we look back on the structural studies of Mediator complex from a historical perspective and discuss them in the light of our current understanding of its role in transcriptional regulation.
| S-EPMC6393861 | biostudies-literature