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Systematic in vitro toxicological screening of gold nanoparticles designed for nanomedicine applications.

ABSTRACT: Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are increasingly being applied in the biomedical field as therapeutics, contrast agents, and in diagnostic systems, motivating investigations of their toxicity that might arise from accidental exposure. While other work has investigated the toxicological response to gold nanoparticles for industrial purposes, here we have surveyed formulations that have been developed for biomedical use, are in clinical trials or have been FDA-approved. The AuNP library tested contains a range of shapes, including spheres, rods and shells, that possess a range of coatings, such as silica, citrate, lipoprotein, polymaleic acid, polyethylene glycol, DNA and others. Good cytocompatibility for all formulations was observed after 1 h of incubation. However after 24 h exposure, a nanorod and a spherical DNA coated formulation resulted in toxicity. The coating material was the only factor that influenced toxicity. AuNP exposure seemed to have no effect on cell cytoskeleton deformation and cell spreading. Cell uptake, as measured by computed tomography and ICP-OES, as well as TEM images of cells, confirmed strong AuNP uptake for certain formulations, but there was no correlation with toxicity. No glove translocation occurred, therefore, nitrile gloves are an adequate safety precaution for working with the AuNP studied. In conclusion, the majority of AuNP formulations tested have very low adverse effects.

SUBMITTER: Naha PC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4553135 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systematic in vitro toxicological screening of gold nanoparticles designed for nanomedicine applications.

Naha Pratap C PC Chhour Peter P Cormode David P DP

Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 20150530 7

Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are increasingly being applied in the biomedical field as therapeutics, contrast agents, and in diagnostic systems, motivating investigations of their toxicity that might arise from accidental exposure. While other work has investigated the toxicological response to gold nanoparticles for industrial purposes, here we have surveyed formulations that have been developed for biomedical use, are in clinical trials or have been FDA-approved. The AuNP library tested contains ...[more]

PMID: 26031843

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Project description:Purpose: In the last decades, the advancements of nanotechnologies lead to a massive increase of engineered nanoparticles in consumer products, which translates in an increased human and environmental exposure to nanomaterials. For humans, inhalation is considered as the main exposure route to nanomaterials, which is the reason why lung toxicity studies should be considered as a priority. Inhalation studies are often performed in vivo in rodents. Therefore, in vitro models may represent a valid and efficient alternative to predict the acute toxicity effects of inhaled NPs on human health. The model used in this study represents the human alveolar barrier; it is constituted by four different human pulmonary cell lines (EA.hy 296 on the basolateral side; A549, HMC-1 and macrophage-like cells in the apical side). The cells in the apical side were cultivated at the air-liquid-interface (ALI) and they have been exposed to AuNPs with the VitroCell® Cloud System. Results: We describe the effects after 24 hours of exposure to three different gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in order to evaluate the suitability of our model to assess the toxicological effects of particles. The set of PEGylated AuNPs used included spheres (GNPs), rods (GNRs) and stars (GNSs). The exposure did not cause any significant decrease of viability; all the AuNPs caused cytotoxicity and increase of IL-8 levels at the highest dose. The AuNP were up-taken by the cells in the apical side and they also translocated in the basolateral side. Regarding the global transcript, among differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found genes related to the enhancement of immune cells. Conclusion: AuNPs in the used range of concentrations did not cause severe effects on the co-culture, but different effects were observed for the different types of AuNPs supporting the role of the physico-chemical NP parameters in NP-cell interactions. In addition, our model resulted perfectly suitable to investigate the biological effects of particles especially in terms of inflammatory response and translocation.

Dataset Information

Systematic in vitro toxicological screening of gold nanoparticles designed for nanomedicine applications.

Publications

Systematic in vitro toxicological screening of gold nanoparticles designed for nanomedicine applications.

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