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Sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: A consecutive series of 8 cases.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To present findings on a series of cases of sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), a form of NFLE that is infrequently reported, in contrast to familial (autosomal dominant) NFLE. Both forms of NFLE need to be distinguished from parasomnias, nocturnal temporal lobe epilepsy, and other nocturnal disorders. METHODS:Eight consecutive cases of sporadic NFLE were evaluated at a sleep clinic in Taiwan. All patients had clinical evaluations, daytime waking and sleeping EEGs, brain MRIs, and overnight video-polysomnography (vPSG) with seizure montage. RESULTS:Gender was equal (four males, four females); mean age was 18.4 yrs (range, 7-41 yrs). Age of NFLE onset was by puberty. Premorbid history was negative for any neurologic, medical or psychiatric disorder. NFLE subtypes: nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, n=6; paroxysmal arousals, n=2. MRI brain scan abnormalities with clinical correlates were found in one patient. Daytime awake EEGs were negative for ictal/interictal activity in all patients, but two patients had daytime sleep EEGs with interictal epileptiform EEG activity. During vPSG studies, three of eight patients with NFLE seizure events had concurrent epileptiform EEG activity, and two patients had interictal epileptiform EEG activity during their vPSG studies. No case had a spontaneous remission. Anticonvulsant therapy was highly effective in all eight cases (>75% reduction in seizure frequency). DISCUSSION:These cases confirm that sporadic NFLE closely resembles familial NFLE, and comprises a set of distinct clinical manifestations, with variable intensity, and variable scalp EEG epileptiform abnormalities across sleep and wakefulness, which have previously been identified in Caucasian patients from Europe and North America.

SUBMITTER: Yeh SB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4559607 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: A consecutive series of 8 cases.

Yeh Shih-Bin SB Schenck Carlos H CH

Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 20140901 3

<h4>Objective</h4>To present findings on a series of cases of sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), a form of NFLE that is infrequently reported, in contrast to familial (autosomal dominant) NFLE. Both forms of NFLE need to be distinguished from parasomnias, nocturnal temporal lobe epilepsy, and other nocturnal disorders.<h4>Methods</h4>Eight consecutive cases of sporadic NFLE were evaluated at a sleep clinic in Taiwan. All patients had clinical evaluations, daytime waking and sleepin ...[more]

PMID: 26483923

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Project description:Previously characterized nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE)-associated mutations are found in α2, α4 and β2 subunit transmembrane (TM) domains. They predominantly increase ACh potency and, for β2-subunit mutants, increase macroscopic currents. Two recently-identified mutations, α4(R336H) and β2(V337G), located in the intracellular cytoplasmic loop (C2) have been associated with non-familial NFLE. Effects of these mutations on α4β2-nAChR function and expression were studied for the first time, using two-electrode voltage clamp recordings in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Biased-ratio preparations elucidated the mutations' effects at alternate isoforms: high-sensitivity [HS; (α4)2(β2)3] or low-sensitivity [LS; (α4)3(β2)2] via 1:10 or 30:1 [α4:β2] cRNA injection ratios, respectively. An unbiased (1:1 [α4:β2] cRNA) injection ratio was also used to study potential shifts in isoform expression. α4(R336H)-containing receptors showed significant increases in maximal ACh-induced currents (Imax) in all preparations (140% increase compared to wild type control). β2(V337G)-containing receptors significantly increased Imax in the LS-favoring preparation (20% increase compared to control). Expression of either mutation consistently produced enrichment of HS-isoform expression in all preparations. α4β2-nAChR harboring either NFLE mutant subunit showed unchanged ACh, sazetidine-A, nicotine, cytisine and mecamylamine potency. However, both mutant subunits enhanced partial agonist efficacies in the LS-biased preparation. Using β2-subunit-specific [(125)I]mAb 295 immunolabeling, nAChR cell-surface expression was determined. Antibody binding studies revealed that the β2(V337G) mutation tended to reduce cell-surface expression, and function per receptor was significantly increased by either NFLE mutant subunit in HS-favoring preparations. These findings identify both common and differing features between TM- and C2-domain AD/NFLE-associated mutations. As we discuss, the shared features may be particularly salient to AD/NFLE etiology.

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Sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: A consecutive series of 8 cases.

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Sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: A consecutive series of 8 cases.

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