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The green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate prevents the aggregation of tau protein into toxic oligomers at substoichiometric ratios.

ABSTRACT: The accumulation of amyloid-beta (A?) and tau aggregates is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Both polypeptides form fibrillar deposits, but several lines of evidence indicate that A? and tau form toxic oligomeric aggregation intermediates. Depleting such structures could thus be a powerful therapeutic strategy. We generated a fragment of tau (His-K18?K280) that forms stable, toxic, oligomeric tau aggregates in vitro. We show that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol that was previously found to reduce A? aggregation, inhibits the aggregation of tau K18?K280 into toxic oligomers at ten- to hundred-fold substoichiometric concentrations, thereby rescuing toxicity in neuronal model cells.

SUBMITTER: Wobst HJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4565179 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate prevents the aggregation of tau protein into toxic oligomers at substoichiometric ratios.

Wobst Heike J HJ Sharma Apurwa A Diamond Marc I MI Wanker Erich E EE Bieschke Jan J

FEBS letters 20141129 1

The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau aggregates is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Both polypeptides form fibrillar deposits, but several lines of evidence indicate that Aβ and tau form toxic oligomeric aggregation intermediates. Depleting such structures could thus be a powerful therapeutic strategy. We generated a fragment of tau (His-K18ΔK280) that forms stable, toxic, oligomeric tau aggregates in vitro. We show that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea po ...[more]

PMID: 25436420

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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, stimulates hepatic autophagy and lipid clearance.

Project description:Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-steatotic effects on the liver. Autophagy also mediates similar effects; however, it is not currently known whether EGCG can regulate hepatic autophagy. Here, we show that EGCG increases hepatic autophagy by promoting the formation of autophagosomes, increasing lysosomal acidification, and stimulating autophagic flux in hepatic cells and in vivo. EGCG also increases phosphorylation of AMPK, one of the major regulators of autophagy. Importantly, siRNA knockdown of AMPK abrogated autophagy induced by EGCG. Interestingly, we observed lipid droplet within autophagosomes and autolysosomes and increased lipid clearance by EGCG, suggesting it promotes lipid metabolism by increasing autophagy. In mice fed with high-fat/western style diet (HFW; 60% energy as fat, reduced levels of calcium, vitamin D3, choline, folate, and fiber), EGCG treatment reduces hepatosteatosis and concomitantly increases autophagy. In summary, we have used genetic and pharmacological approaches to demonstrate EGCG induction of hepatic autophagy, and this may contribute to its beneficial effects in reducing hepatosteatosis and potentially some other pathological liver conditions.

| S-EPMC3906112 | biostudies-literature

Dietary pretreatment with green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduces the bioavailability and hepatotoxicity of subsequent oral bolus doses of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

Project description:Human case-studies have reported an association between green tea-based dietary supplements and hepatotoxicity. Studies have demonstrated the hepatotoxicity of high-dose oral bolus dosing with the tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in mice and dogs. We examined the effect of pretreatment with dietary EGCG on the hepatotoxicity and bioavailability of acute oral bolus dosing with EGCG in CF-1 mice. EGCG (750 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 3 days) increased plasma alanine aminotransferase by 80-fold, decreased both reduced (by 59%) and total (by 33%) hepatic glutathione, and increased hepatic levels of phosphorylated histone 2AX. Pretreatment with dietary EGCG (3.2 mg/g diet) for 2 weeks mitigated hepatotoxicity. Acute oral EGCG also decreased mRNA expression of glutathione reductase. Dietary pretreatment prevented these decreased and increased glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)2, Gpx3, Gpx5, and Gpx7 expression. We found that dietary EGCG reduced the plasma (57% reduction) and hepatic (71% reduction) EGCG exposure following oral bolus dosing compared to mice that were not pre-treated. Overall, it appears that EGCG can modulate its own bioavailability and that dietary treatment may reduce the toxic potential of acute high oral bolus doses of EGCG. These data may partly explain the observed variation in hepatotoxic response to green tea-containing dietary supplements.

| S-EPMC4383035 | biostudies-literature

Quercetin increased the antiproliferative activity of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in prostate cancer cells.

Project description:We previously demonstrated that 50% of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was present in methylated form (4?-MeEGCG) in human prostate tissue, which is less bioactive. We therefore investigated whether quercetin, a natural inhibitor of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), will inhibit EGCG methylation leading to enhanced antiproliferative activity of EGCG in prostate cancer cells. Incubation with both quercetin and EGCG for 2 h increased the cellular concentrations of EGCG by 4- to 8-fold and 6- to 10-fold in androgen-independent PC-3 cells and androgen-dependent LNCaP cells, respectively. Concurrently, the percent of 4?-MeEGCG in the total EGCG was decreased from 39% to 15% in PC-3 cells and from 61% to 38% in LNCaP cells. Quercetin and EGCG in combination synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest, and induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In LNCaP cells, EGCG and quercetin exhibited a stronger antiproliferative activity leading to an additive effect. The synergistic effect of these 2 agents in PC-3 cells could be based on the fact that EGCG primarily inhibited COMT activity, whereas quercetin reduced the amount of COMT protein. In summary, quercetin combined with EGCG in vitro demonstrated enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation by increasing the intracellular concentration of EGCG and decreasing EGCG methylation.

| S-EPMC3363324 | biostudies-literature

The main green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate counteracts semen-mediated enhancement of HIV infection.

Project description:Peptide fragments, derived from prostatic acidic phosphatase, are secreted in large amounts into human semen and form amyloid fibrils. These fibrillar structures, termed semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI), capture HIV virions and direct them to target cells. Thus, SEVI appears to be an important infectivity factor of HIV during sexual transmission. Here, we are able to demonstrate that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major active constituent of green tea, targets SEVI for degradation. Furthermore, it is shown that EGCG inhibits SEVI activity and abrogates semen-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 infection in the absence of cellular toxicity. Therefore, EGCG appears to be a promising supplement to antiretroviral microbicides to reduce sexual transmission of HIV-1.

| S-EPMC2683882 | biostudies-literature

Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice.

Project description:AimEpigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on insulin resistance and insulin clearance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice.MethodsMice were fed on a high-fat diet for 24 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, the mice were injected with EGCG (10, 20 and 40 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip). Glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance and insulin clearance were assessed. After the mice were euthanized, blood samples and tissue specimens were collected. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was examined in isolated pancreatic islets. The progression of NAFLD was evaluated histologically and by measuring lipid contents. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) protein expression and enzyme activity were detected using Western blot and immunocapture activity assays, respectively.ResultsThe high-fat diet significantly increased the body weight and induced grade 2 or 3 liver fatty degeneration (steatosis, lobular inflammation and ballooning) accompanied by severe hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the model mice. Administration of EGCG dose-dependently ameliorated the hepatic morphology and function, reduced the body weight, and alleviated hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in NAFLD mice. Furthermore, EGCG dose-dependently enhanced insulin clearance and upregulated IDE protein expression and enzyme activity in the liver of NAFLD mice.ConclusionEGCG dose-dependently improves insulin resistance in NAFLD mice not only by reducing body weight but also through enhancing the insulin clearance by hepatic IDE. The results suggest that IDE be a potential drug target for the treatment of NAFLD.

| S-EPMC4422946 | biostudies-literature

TLR 4 Signaling Inhibitory Pathway Induced by Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate through 67-kDa Laminin Receptor

Project description:Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major active polyphenol of green tea, has been shown to downregulate inflammatory responses in macrophages; however, the underlying mechanism has not been understood. Recently, we identified the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) as a cell-surface EGCG receptor that mediates the anti-cancer action of EGCG at physiologically relevant concentrations (0.1-1 mM). Here we show the molecular basis for the downregulation of TLR4 signal transduction by EGCG at 1 mM in macrophages. Anti-67LR antibody treatment or RNAi-mediated silencing of 67LR resulted in abrogation of the inhibitory action of EGCG on LPS-induced activation of downstream signaling pathways and target gene expressions. Additionally, we found that EGCG reduced the TLR4 expression through 67LR. Interestingly, EGCG induced a rapid upregulation of Tollip protein, a negative regulator of TLR-signaling, and this EGCG action was prevented by 67LR silencing or anti-67LR antibody treatment. RNAi-mediated silencing of Tollip impaired the TLR4 signaling inhibitory activity of EGCG. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that 67LR plays a critical role in mediating anti-inflammatory action of a physiologically relevant EGCG and Tollip expression could be modulated through 67LR. These results provide a new insight into the understanding of negative regulatory mechanisms for TLR4 signaling pathway and consequent inflammatory responses which are implicated in the development and progression of many chronic diseases.

2010-04-20 | GSE21320 | GEO

TLR 4 Signaling Inhibitory Pathway Induced by Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate through 67-kDa Laminin Receptor

2010-04-20 | E-GEOD-21320 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Solution structure of human cardiac troponin C in complex with the green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate.

Project description:Heart muscle contraction is regulated by Ca(2+) binding to the thin filament protein troponin C. In cardiovascular disease, the myofilament response to Ca(2+) is often altered. Compounds that rectify this perturbation are of considerable interest as therapeutics. Plant flavonoids have been found to provide protection against a variety of human illnesses such as cancer, infection, and heart disease. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), the prevalent flavonoid in green tea, modulates force generation in isolated guinea pig hearts (Hotta, Y., Huang, L., Muto, T., Yajima, M., Miyazeki, K., Ishikawa, N., Fukuzawa, Y., Wakida, Y., Tushima, H., Ando, H., and Nonogaki, T. (2006) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 552, 123-130) and in skinned cardiac muscle fibers (Liou, Y. M., Kuo, S. C., and Hsieh, S. R. (2008) Pflugers Arch. 456, 787-800; and Tadano, N., Yumoto, F., Tanokura, M., Ohtsuki, I., and Morimoto, S. (2005) Biophys. J. 88, 314a). In this study we describe the solution structure of the Ca(2+)-saturated C-terminal domain of troponin C in complex with EGCg. Moreover, we show that EGCg forms a ternary complex with the C-terminal domain of troponin C and the anchoring region of troponin I. The structural evidence indicates that the binding site of EGCg on the C-terminal domain of troponin C is in the hydrophobic pocket in the absence of troponin I, akin to EMD 57033. Based on chemical shift mapping, the binding of EGCg to the C-terminal domain of troponin C in the presence of troponin I may be to a new site formed by the troponin C.troponin I complex. This interaction of EGCg with the C-terminal domain of troponin C.troponin I complex has not been shown with other cardiotonic molecules and illustrates the potential mechanism by which EGCg modulates heart contraction.

| S-EPMC2755708 | biostudies-literature

<i>Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1</i>-mutated cancers are sensitive to the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

Project description:BackgroundMutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) occur in various types of cancer and induce metabolic alterations resulting from the neomorphic activity that causes production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) at the expense of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and NADPH. To overcome metabolic stress induced by these alterations, IDH-mutated (IDH mut ) cancers utilize rescue mechanisms comprising pathways in which glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD) are involved. We hypothesized that inhibition of glutamate processing with the pleiotropic GLUD-inhibitor epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) would not only hamper D-2-HG production, but also decrease NAD(P)H and α-KG synthesis in IDH mut cancers, resulting in increased metabolic stress and increased sensitivity to radiotherapy.MethodsWe performed 13C-tracing studies to show that HCT116 colorectal cancer cells with an IDH1 R132H knock-in allele depend more on glutaminolysis than on glycolysis for the production of D-2-HG. We treated HCT116 cells, HCT116-IDH1 R132H cells, and HT1080 cells (carrying an IDH1 R132C mutation) with EGCG and evaluated D-2-HG production, cell proliferation rates, and sensitivity to radiotherapy.ResultsSignificant amounts of 13C from glutamate accumulate in D-2-HG in HCT116-IDH1 wt/R132H but not in HCT116-IDH1 wt/wt . Preventing glutamate processing in HCT116-IDH1 wt/R132H cells with EGCG resulted in reduction of D-2-HG production. In addition, EGCG treatment decreased proliferation rates of IDH1 mut cells and at high doses sensitized cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Effects of EGCG in IDH-mutated cell lines were diminished by treatment with the IDH1mut inhibitor AGI-5198.ConclusionsThis work shows that glutamate can be directly processed into D-2-HG and that reduction of glutamatolysis may be an effective and promising new treatment option for IDH mut cancers.

| S-EPMC6526618 | biostudies-literature

The green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) restores CDKL5-dependent synaptic defects in vitro and in vivo.

Project description:CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterised by early-onset seizures, intellectual disability, gross motor impairment, and autistic-like features. CDD is caused by mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene that encodes a serine/threonine kinase with a predominant expression in the brain. Loss of CDKL5 causes neurodevelopmental alterations in vitro and in vivo, including defective dendritic arborisation and spine maturation, which most likely underlie the cognitive defects and autistic features present in humans and mice. Here, we show that treatment with epigallatocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol of green tea, can restore defects in dendritic and synaptic development of primary Cdkl5 knockout (KO) neurons. Furthermore, defective synaptic maturation in the hippocampi and cortices of adult Cdkl5-KO mice can be rescued through the intraperitoneal administration of EGCG, which is however not sufficient to normalise behavioural CDKL5-dependent deficits. EGCG is a pleiotropic compound with numerous cellular targets, including the dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) that is selectively inhibited by EGCG. DYRK1A controls dendritic development and spine formation and its deregulation has been implicated in neurodevelopmental and degenerative diseases. Treatment with another DYRK1A inhibitor, harmine, was capable of correcting neuronal CDKL5-dependent defects; moreover, DYRK1A levels were upregulated in primary Cdkl5-KO neurons in concomitance with increased phosphorylation of Tau, a well-accepted DYRK1A substrate. Altogether, our results indicate that DYRK1A deregulation may contribute, at least in part, to the neurodevelopmental alterations caused by CDKL5 deficiency.

| S-EPMC7152796 | biostudies-literature

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