Dataset Information

Companion cropping with potato onion enhances the disease resistance of tomato against Verticillium dahliae.

ABSTRACT: Intercropping could alleviate soil-borne diseases, however, few studies focused on the immunity of the host plant induced by the interspecific interactions. To test whether or not intercropping could enhance the disease resistance of host plant, we investigated the effect of companion cropping with potato onion on tomato Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae). To investigate the mechanisms, the root exudates were collected from tomato and potato onion which were grown together or separately, and were used to examine the antifungal activities against V. dahliae in vitro, respectively. Furthermore, RNA-seq was used to examine the expression pattern of genes related to disease resistance in tomato companied with potato onion compared to that in tomato grown alone, under the condition of infection with V. dahliae. The results showed that companion cropping with potato onion could alleviate the incidence and severity of tomato Verticillium wilt. The further studies revealed that the root exudates from tomato companied with potato onion significantly inhibited the mycelia growth and spore germination of V. dahliae. However, there were no significant effects on these two measurements for the root exudates from potato onion grown alone or from potato onion grown with tomato. RNA-seq data analysis showed the disease defense genes associated with pathogenesis-related proteins, biosynthesis of lignin, hormone metabolism and signal transduction were expressed much higher in the tomato companied with potato onion than those in the tomato grown alone, which indicated that these defense genes play important roles in tomato against V. dahliae infection, and meant that the disease resistance of tomato against V. dahliae was enhanced in the companion copping with potato onion. We proposed that companion cropping with potato onion could enhance the disease resistance of tomato against V. dahliae by regulating the expression of genes related to disease resistance response. This may be a potential mechanism for the management of soil-borne plant diseases in the intercropping system.

SUBMITTER: Fu X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4566073 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Companion cropping with potato onion enhances the disease resistance of tomato against Verticillium dahliae.

Fu Xuepeng X Wu Xia X Zhou Xingang X Liu Shouwei S Shen Yanhui Y Wu Fengzhi F

Frontiers in plant science 20150911

Intercropping could alleviate soil-borne diseases, however, few studies focused on the immunity of the host plant induced by the interspecific interactions. To test whether or not intercropping could enhance the disease resistance of host plant, we investigated the effect of companion cropping with potato onion on tomato Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae). To investigate the mechanisms, the root exudates were collected from tomato and potato onion which were grown toge ...[more]

PMID: 26442040

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Project description:Purpose: Verticillium dahliae is a fungal plant pathogen. The goals of the study are to examine gene networks involved in controlling resistance to V. dahliae in potato using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. Methods: 91 clones from a diploid potato mapping population 15143 and the parental lines 07506-01 and 12120-03 from the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada were propagated in a V. dahliae-infested field in triplicate plots of five plants in a randomized complete block design. Tetraploid varieties Shepody, Hindenburg, Kennebec, Russet Burbank, Atlantic and Green Mountain were planted similarly and included in the analysis. Green Mountain was also planted in additional plots and used a guard row clone. Leaf samples were taken at 70 days after planting. Two µg of total RNA per sample was used to construct DeepSAGE tag libraries using a modification to facilitate direct sequencing of the amplicons by Illumina sequencing. The samples from 91 clones were bar-coded with a different identification key. Samples were diluted to a final concentration of 10 nM and were pooled. Each of the three biological replicates was done in a separate pool. Final pool concentrations were estimated using Quant-iT-PicoGreen prior to template DNA hybridization and sequencing on an Illumina Genome Analyzer II according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: Tag count data were transformed to the relative unit of counts per million. Tags included in the analysis had to be present in at least one biological replicate. Clonal variation between samples was detected (p-value ≤ 0.05) using the exact test for a negative binomial distribution . Tags that did not have significant clonal variation were removed, leaving 6248 tags. The LS mean of tag count was calculated for each tag for each clone. The 21-nt tag sequences were aligned against PGSC S. tuberosum group Phureja DM1-3 transcripts (v3.4) using blastn. Hits with E-value ≤ 0.5 were filtered in. Where there were multiple blast hits meeting E-value criteria, only the one with the longest alignment was included. 4198 tags were assigned single-hit annotations in this manner and were used for eQTL analysis. Conclusions: The results indicated that for most genes the eQTL controlling expression was mapped near the gene (cis-eQTL). There were also many trans-eQTLs, where were eQTLs for a gene that were found on another chromosome particularly on chromosome 5.

Project description:Tomato Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne vascular disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Verticillium dahliae. Although some understanding of plant defense mechanisms against V. dahliae infection has been gained for incompatible interactions, including identification of inducible resistant genes and defense signaling pathways, the genes and signaling pathways involved in the compatible interaction remain unclear. To investigate the molecular basis of the compatible interaction between tomato and V. dahliae, transcriptomes of V. dahliae infected tomatoes were compared to those of a control group. A total of approximately 25 million high-quality reads were generated by means of the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) method. The sequence reads were aligned to the tomato reference genome and analyzed to measure gene expression levels, and to identify alternative splicing events. Comparative analysis between the two samples revealed 1,953 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1,281 up-regulated and 672 down-regulated genes. The RNA-Seq output was confirmed using RT-qPCR for 10 selected genes. The Nr, Swiss-Prot, Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to annotate DEG functions. Of the 1,953 DEGs identified, 1,953, 1,579, 1,739, 862, and 380 were assigned by Nr, Swiss-Prot, GO, COG, and KEGG, respectively. The important functional groups identified via GO and COG enrichment were those responsible for fundamental biological regulation, secondary metabolism, and signal transduction. Of DEGs assigned to 87 KEGG pathways, most were associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Most of the DEGs involved in these two pathways were up-regulated, and may be involved in regulating the tomato-V. dahliae compatible interaction. The results will help to identify key susceptible genes and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of tomato susceptible response to V. dahliae.

Project description:BackgroundThe extracellular space between the cell wall and plasma membrane is a battlefield in plant-pathogen interactions. Within this space, the pathogen employs its secretome to attack the host in a variety of ways, including immunity manipulation. However, the role of the plant secretome is rarely studied for its role in disease resistance.ResultsHere, we examined the secretome of Verticillium wilt-resistant Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Zhongzhimian No.2 (ZZM2, encoding 95,327 predicted coding sequences) to determine its role in disease resistance against the wilt causal agent, Verticillium dahliae. Bioinformatics-driven analyses showed that the ZZM2 genome encodes 2085 secreted proteins and that these display disequilibrium in their distribution among the chromosomes. The cotton secretome displayed differences in the abundance of certain amino acid residues as compared to the remaining encoded proteins due to the localization of these putative proteins in the extracellular space. The secretome analysis revealed conservation for an allotetraploid genome, which nevertheless exhibited variation among orthologs and comparable unique genes between the two sub-genomes. Secretome annotation strongly suggested its involvement in extracellular stress responses (hydrolase activity, oxidoreductase activity, and extracellular region, etc.), thus contributing to resistance against the V. dahliae infection. Furthermore, the defense response genes (immunity marker NbHIN1, salicylic acid marker NbPR1, and jasmonic acid marker NbLOX4) were activated to varying degrees when Nicotina benthamiana leaves were agro-infiltrated with 28 randomly selected members, suggesting that the secretome plays an important role in the immunity response. Finally, gene silencing assays of 11 members from 13 selected candidates in ZZM2 displayed higher susceptibility to V. dahliae, suggesting that the secretome members confer the Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that the cotton secretome plays an important role in Verticillium wilt resistance, facilitating the development of the resistance gene markers and increasing the understanding of the mechanisms regulating disease resistance.

Dataset Information

Companion cropping with potato onion enhances the disease resistance of tomato against Verticillium dahliae.

Publications

Companion cropping with potato onion enhances the disease resistance of tomato against Verticillium dahliae.

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