Caffeine Consumption Contributes to Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence in Type 1 Diabetes.

ABSTRACT: A variant (rs1495741) in the gene for the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) protein is associated with skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF), a noninvasive measure of advanced glycation end products and other fluorophores in the skin. Because NAT2 is involved in caffeine metabolism, we aimed to determine whether caffeine consumption is associated with SIF and whether rs1495741 is associated with SIF independently of caffeine.SIF was measured in 1,181 participants with type 1 diabetes from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study. Two measures of SIF were used: SIF1, using a 375-nm excitation light-emitting diode (LED), and SIF14 (456-nm LED). Food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate mean caffeine intake. To establish replication, we examined a second type 1 diabetes cohort.Higher caffeine intake was significantly associated with higher SIF1(LED 375?nm[0.6,?0.2]) (P=2×10(-32)) and SIF14L(ED 456?nm[0.4,?0.8]) (P=7×10(-31)) and accounted for 4% of the variance in each after adjusting for covariates. When analyzed together, caffeine intake and rs1495741 both remained highly significantly associated with SIF1(LED 375?nm[0.6,?0.2]) and SIF14(LED 456?nm[0.4,?0.8]). Mean caffeinated coffee intake was also positively associated with SIF1(LED 375?nm[0.6,?0.2]) (P=9×10(-12)) and SIF14(LED 456?nm[0.4,?0.8]) (P=4×10(-12)), but no association was observed for decaffeinated coffee intake. Finally, caffeine was also positively associated with SIF1(LED 375?nm[0.6,?0.2]) and SIF14(LED 456?nm[0.4,?0.8]) (P<0.0001) in the replication cohort.Caffeine contributes to SIF. The effect of rs1495741 on SIF appears to be partially independent of caffeine consumption. Because SIF and coffee intake are each associated with cardiovascular disease, our findings suggest that accounting for coffee and/or caffeine intake may improve risk prediction models for SIF and cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes.

SUBMITTER: Eny KM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4575521 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature