General practice nursing: revisited and reinvigorated.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Fitzmaurice DA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4582873 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
General practice nursing: revisited and reinvigorated.
Fitzmaurice David A DA Moger Anne A Storey Karen K
The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 20151001 639
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Project description:OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the psychometric qualities of an OSCE consisting of more complex simulated patient encounters remain valid and reliable in the assessment of postgraduate trainees in general practice. METHODS: In this intervention study without control group, the traditional OSCE was formally replaced by the new, complex version. The study population was composed by all postgraduate trainees (second and third phase) in general practice during the ongoing academic year. Data were handled and collected as part of the formal assessment program. Univariate analyses, the variance of scores and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the test qualities. RESULTS: A total of 340 students participated. Average final scores were slightly higher for third-phase students (t-test, p =0.05). Overall test scores were equally distributed on station level, circuit level and phase level. A multiple regression analysis revealed that test scores were dependent on the stations and circuits, but not on the master phase. CONCLUSIONS: In a changing learning environment, assessment and evaluation strategies require reorientation. The reliability and validity of the OSCE remain subject to discussion. In particular, when it comes to content and design, the traditional OSCE might underestimate the performance level of postgraduate trainees in general practice. A reshaping of this OSCE to a more sophisticated design with more complex patient encounters appears to restore the validity of the test results.
| S-EPMC4224044 | biostudies-other
Project description:Abstract Objectives Intra‐tooth patterns of trace elements barium (Ba) and strontium (Sr) have been used to infer human and nonhuman primate nursing histories, including australopithecine and Neanderthal juveniles. Here, we contrast the two elemental models in first molars (M1s) of four wild baboons and explore the assumptions that underlie each. Materials and Methods Laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) was employed to create comprehensive calcium‐normalized barium and strontium (Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca) maps of M1 enamel and dentine at 35 micron resolution. Results Postnatal Ba/Ca values were typically high, peaking ~0.5 years of age and then decreasing throughout M1 crown formation; all four individuals showed minimal Ba/Ca values between ~1.2–1.8 years, consistent with field reports of the cessation of suckling. Enamel Sr/Ca did not support patterns of previous LA‐ICP‐MS spot sampling as the enamel rarely showed discrete Sr/Ca secretory zonation. Increases in Sr/Ca appeared in coronal dentine beginning ~0.3 years, with varied peak value ages (~0.7–2.7 years) and no evidence of a predicted postweaning decline. Discussion Inferences of baboon weaning ages from initial Ba/Ca minima are more congruent with behavioral observations than Sr/Ca maxima; this is consistent with studies of captive macaques of known weaning ages. Elemental variation is more apparent in the coronal dentine than the enamel of these baboons, which may relate to its more rapid mineralization and protection from the oral environment. Inferences of nursing histories from enamel Sr/Ca patterns alone should be reconsidered, and elevated values of Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca in teeth formed after weaning require further study.
| S-EPMC10099337 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo explore final year nursing students' perceptions of the general practice environment and their priorities when choosing a workplace.DesignOnline survey, reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.MethodsThe validated Profession Scale from the Scale on Community Care Perceptions (SCOPE) tool was used to identify characteristics within the general practice environment and the importance of these in choosing a workplace. To explore the factor structure, exploratory factor analysis was undertaken which was used to revise the survey language and flow before widespread dissemination.ResultsThree hundred and fifty-five responses were received. Factor analysis revealed three factors: Provision of care, Employment conditions and Nature of work. Respondents exposed to general practice in the Bachelor of Nursing program or who had a general practice clinical placement had significantly different perceptions across all factors. Although wages, advancement opportunities, work pressures and the physical nature of work were perceived as important in choosing a workplace, they were seen as only moderately present in general practice.
| S-EPMC9374410 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nurses must have sufficient education and training in microbiology to perform many roles within clinical nursing practice (e.g., administering antibiotics, collecting specimens, preparing specimens for transport and delivery, educating patients and families, communicating results to the healthcare team, and developing care plans based on results of microbiology studies and patient immunological status). It is unclear whether the current microbiology courses required of nursing students in the United States focus on the topics that are most relevant to nursing practice. To gauge the relevance of current microbiology education to nursing practice, we created a confidential, web-based survey that asked nurses about their past microbiology education, the types of microbiology specimens they collect, their duties that require knowledge of microbiology, and how frequently they encounter infectious diseases in practice. We used the survey responses to develop data-driven recommendations for educators who teach microbiology to pre-nursing and nursing students. Two hundred ninety-six Registered Nurses (RNs) completed the survey. The topics they deemed most relevant to current practice were infection control, hospital-acquired infections, disease transmission, and collection and handling of patient specimens. Topics deemed least relevant were the Gram stain procedure and microscope use. In addition, RNs expressed little interest in molecular testing methods. This may reflect a gap in their understanding of the uses of these tests, which could be bridged in a microbiology course. We now have data in support of anecdotal evidence that nurses are most engaged when learning about microbiology topics that have the greatest impact on patient care. Information from this survey will be used to shift the focus of microbiology courses at our university to topics more relevant to nursing practice. Further, these findings may also support an effort to evolve national recommendations for microbiology education in pre-nursing and nursing curricula.
| S-EPMC5577971 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo examine the causal effect of a hospital's experience with treating hip fractures (volume) on patient treatment outcomes.Data sourcesWe use a full sample of administrative data from German hospitals for 2007. The data provide detailed information on patients and hospitals. We also reference the hospitals' addresses and the zip codes of patients' place of residence.Study designWe apply an instrumental variable approach to address endogeneity concerns due to reverse causality and unobserved patient heterogeneity. As instruments for case volume, we use the number of potential patients and number of other hospitals in the region surrounding each hospital.Principal findingsOur results indicate that after applying an instrumental variables (IV) regression of volume on outcome, volume significantly increases quality.ConclusionsWe provide evidence for the practice-makes-perfect hypothesis by showing that volume is a driving factor for quality.
| S-EPMC5785314 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveAs aging in the Chinese population increases, the hospitalization rates of patients with dementia have also risen. Research on the difficulties of nurses who care for patients with dementia in Chinese general hospitals is limited. This study aimed to develop a scale to measure the difficulties nurses face in nursing patients with dementia in Chinese general hospitals and to verify its reliability and validity.MethodsGuided by the biopsychosocial theory, an initial scale was created through a literature review, qualitative interviews, and expert consultation. A web-based survey for psychometric testing was conducted with 394 nurses from 11 general hospitals during September to November 2021. Validity was verified using content validity, exploratory factor analysis, the known-groups method, and concurrent validity. Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability were used to assess reliability.ResultsThe Item-level Content Validity Index was 0.833-1.000. The Scale-level Content Validity Index was 0.929. Twenty-one items with four factors were extracted from the item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. According to the known-groups method, the difficulty of the experienced group and the group with training experience was significantly lower than that of the less experienced group and the group without training experience. Based on external standards, the correlation coefficient was 0.387 with the Nursing Job Stress Scale and -0.239 with the Dementia Care Attitude Scale. Cronbach's α coefficient for each factor ranged from 0.889 to 0.905, and the total was 0.959. The split-half reliability for each factor ranged from 0.814 to 0.894, and the total was 0.911.ConclusionThis study discovered a four-factor structure related to the difficulty scale of dementia nursing practice, and the scale's reliability and validity were confirmed. The scale can be utilized to assess the difficulty of dementia nursing practice in general hospitals and may be employed in future research to improve dementia nursing practices.
| S-EPMC11328995 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study, part of a wider project to map the literature of nursing, identifies core journals cited in non-US nursing journals and determines the extent of their coverage by indexing services.MethodsFour general English-language journals were analyzed for format types and publication dates. Core titles were identified and nine bibliographic databases were scanned for indexing coverage.ResultsFindings show that 57.5% (13,391/23,271) of the cited references from the 4 core journals were to journal articles, 27.8% (6,471/23,271) to books, 9.5% (2,208/23,271) to government documents, 4.9% (1,131/23,271) to miscellaneous sources, and less than 1% (70/23,271) to Internet resources. Eleven journals produced one-third of the citations; the next third included 146 journals, followed by a dispersion of 1,622 titles. PubMed received the best database coverage scores, followed by CINAHL and Science Citation Index. None of the databases provided complete coverage of all 11 core titles.ConclusionThe four source journals contain a diverse group of cited references. The currency of citations to government documents makes these journals a good source for regulatory and legislative awareness. Nurses consult nursing and biomedical journals and must search both nursing and biomedical databases to cover the literature.
| S-EPMC1773024 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesSeveral subgroups of the International Council of Nurses Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nurse Network (ICN NP/APNN) have periodically analyzed APN (nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist) development around the world. The primary objective of this study was to describe the global status of APN practice regarding scope of practice, education, regulation, and practice climate. An additional objective was to look for gaps in these same areas of role development in order to recommend future initiatives.MethodsAn online survey was developed by the research team, and included questions on APN practice roles, education, regulation/credentialing, and practice climate. The study was launched in August 2018 at the 10th Annual ICN NP/APNN Conference in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Links to the survey were provided there and via multiple platforms over the next year.ResultsSurvey results from 325 respondents, representing 26 countries, were analyzed through descriptive techniques. Although progress was reported, particularly in education, results indicated the APN profession around the world continues to struggle over titling, title protection, regulation development, credentialing, and barriers to practice.Conclusions and practice/policy relevanceAPNs have the potential to help the world reach the Sustainable Development Goal of universal health coverage. Several recommendations are provided to help ensure APNs achieve these goals.
| S-EPMC9205376 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveCompetency denotes the ability to execute a certain task or action with the necessary knowledge. Competency definitions and measurements are challenging for nursing and other professions due to their multidimensional aspects. This study aimed to clarify the concept of competency in nursing practice and propose an accurate definition.DesignWalker and Avant's approach was used to elucidate the concept of competency in nursing practice.Data sourcesScienceDirect, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus and CINAHL were searched from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies with the keywords: "concept analysis", "competence", "competency" and "nursing". The search was limited to full-text studies written in English that used theoretical and empirical approaches.Data extraction and synthesisWe extracted the concept's uses, defining attributes, and the consequences and antecedents of the concept.Results60 articles were identified from the search process; after excluding duplicates and works unrelated to the study aim and context following the full-text screening, 10 articles were included in this concept analysis. The common defining attributes of competency were knowledge, self-assessment and dynamic state. Competency in nursing practice had many reported positive consequences that include but are not limited to improved patient, nurse and organisational outcomes.ConclusionsNurses can benefit from the result of this analysis in practice to implement professional care, in particular clinical contexts and situations to enhance patients' health.
| S-EPMC10255110 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/Objectives: In recent years, research has increasingly highlighted the significance of nursing practice environments, linking positive settings with enhanced job satisfaction, professional autonomy, and care quality. Such environments can decrease turnover, stress, and costs while improving patient safety. Despite this extensive literature, there is limited consensus on defining a 'positive nursing practice environment', highlighting the need for a systematic analysis to advance understanding and application. This study aims to explore and clarify the concept of a 'Positive Nursing Practice Environment'. Methods: This study applied Walker and Avant's approach for concept analysis, conducting a comprehensive database search to gather relevant evidence. To review the available evidence on the concept of nursing practice environments, we followed the methodology proposed by JBI for scoping reviews. Results: The inclusion of 166 studies meeting the criteria provided a broad understanding of the topic, revealing 10 key attributes of a 'positive nursing practice environment' and identifying various antecedents and consequences affecting clients, nurses, and institutions. Conclusions: The concept analysis of a 'Positive Nursing Practice Environment' offers valuable insights into nurses' working conditions, systematically identifying characteristics that impact professionals, patients, and institutions. This analysis lays the groundwork for future research and practical improvements in nursing practice environments. This study was not registered.
| S-EPMC11503395 | biostudies-literature