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Ectopic adiposity is associated with autonomic risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease in young adults.

ABSTRACT: To examine the relationship between ectopic adiposity and markers of cardiometabolic risk, autonomic control, and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).Cross-sectional analyses were performed in 324 subjects with overweight and obesity. Single-slice CT images were analyzed to calculate thigh muscle attenuation (MA), a measure of ectopic adiposity. Autonomic control was assessed using low-frequency to respiratory-frequency heart rate variability (LFa/RFa ratio). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was a marker of subclinical CVD.Among overweight participants, those with low MA had lower HDL-c, higher LFa/RFa ratio, and subcutaneous thigh fat compared to high MA individuals despite no difference in visceral fat or insulin resistance. Significant associations were not observed in the class I obese group. In the class II obese group, those with high MA had higher triglycerides and insulin levels, yet there was no difference in visceral fat compared to the low MA group. Mean IMT was significantly higher in the low MA compared to the high MA overweight group (0.63 mm vs. 0.58 mm, P = 0.04) but was similar between the low and high MA class II obese groups.Excess ectopic adiposity in muscle tissue is associated with metabolic and autonomic risk factors and subclinical CVD, most notably in overweight individuals, independent of insulin resistance and visceral abdominal fat.

SUBMITTER: Lee JJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4587338 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ectopic adiposity is associated with autonomic risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease in young adults.

Lee Jane J JJ Woodard Genevieve A GA Gianaros Peter J PJ Barinas-Mitchell Emma E Tepper Ping G PG Conroy Molly B MB

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 20150903 10

<h4>Objective</h4>To examine the relationship between ectopic adiposity and markers of cardiometabolic risk, autonomic control, and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional analyses were performed in 324 subjects with overweight and obesity. Single-slice CT images were analyzed to calculate thigh muscle attenuation (MA), a measure of ectopic adiposity. Autonomic control was assessed using low-frequency to respiratory-frequency heart rate variability (LFa/RFa ratio ...[more]

PMID: 26333626

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Project description:Introduction—Oxidative stress is linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and is suggested to vary by sex. However, few population-level studies have explored these associations and the majority comprise populations with advanced CVD. We assessed urinary isoprostane concentrations, a standard measure of oxidative stress, in a relatively young and healthy cohort, hypothesizing that higher oxidative stress is associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile and female sex. Methods—Oxidative stress was measured in 475 women and 266 men, aged 48–55 years, from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study using urinary 8-isoprostane (IsoP) and 2,3-dinor-8-isoprostane (IsoP-M). Multivariable-adjusted regression was used to evaluate cross-sectional associations. As secondary analysis, previously measured plasma F2-isoprostanes (plasma IsoP) from another CARDIA subset was similarly analyzed. Results—Mean (SD) ages for men and women were 52.1(2.3) and 52.2(2.2) years, respectively (p = 0.46), and 39% of the participants self-identified as Black (vs. White). Before adjustments, female sex was associated with higher median urinary IsoP (880 vs. 704 ng/g creatinine in men; p < 0.01) and IsoP m (1675 vs. 1284 ng/g creatinine in men; p < 0.01). Higher body mass index (BMI), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides, current smoking, and less physical activity were associated with higher oxidative stress. Diabetes was not associated with urinary IsoP but was associated with lower IsoP m and plasma IsoP. Higher serum creatinine showed diverging associations with higher plasma and lower urinary isoprostane concentrations. Conclusions—Different isoprostane entities exhibit varying association patterns with CVD risk factors, and therefore are complementary, rather than interchangeable, in assessment of oxidative stress. Still, consistently higher isoprostanes among women, smokers, less active persons, and those with higher BMI and plasma triglycerides could reflect higher oxidative stress among these groups. While urinary isoprostanes are indexed to urinary creatinine due to variations in concentration, caution should be exercised when comparing groups with differing serum creatinine.

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Ectopic adiposity is associated with autonomic risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease in young adults.

Publications

Ectopic adiposity is associated with autonomic risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease in young adults.

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