Dataset Information

Genetic identification of cytomegaloviruses in a rural population of Cote d'Ivoire.

ABSTRACT: Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are herpesviruses that infect many mammalian species, including humans. Infection generally passes undetected, but the virus can cause serious disease in individuals with impaired immune function. Human CMV (HCMV) is circulating with high seroprevalence (60-100 %) on all continents. However, little information is available on HCMV genoprevalence and genetic diversity in subsaharan Africa, especially in rural areas of West Africa that are at high risk of human-to-human HCMV transmission. In addition, there is a potential for zoonotic spillover of pathogens through bushmeat hunting and handling in these areas as shown for various retroviruses. Although HCMV and nonhuman CMVs are regarded as species-specific, potential human infection with CMVs of non-human primate (NHP) origin, shown to circulate in the local NHP population, has not been studied.Analysis of 657 human oral swabs and fecal samples collected from 518 individuals living in 8 villages of Côte d'Ivoire with generic PCR for identification of human and NHP CMVs revealed shedding of HCMV in 2.5 % of the individuals. Determination of glycoprotein B sequences showed identity with strains Towne, AD169 and Toledo, respectively. NHP CMV sequences were not detected.HCMV is actively circulating in a proportion of the rural Côte d'Ivoire human population with circulating strains being closely related to those previously identified in non-African countries. The lack of NHP CMVs in human populations in an environment conducive to cross-species infection supports zoonotic transmission of CMVs to humans being at most a rare event.

SUBMITTER: Anoh AE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4594925 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic identification of cytomegaloviruses in a rural population of Côte d'Ivoire.

Anoh Augustin Etile AE Akoua-Koffi Chantal C Couacy-Hymann Emmanuel E Pauly Maude M Schubert Grit G Mossoun Arsène A Weiss Sabrina S Leendertz Siv Aina J SA Jarvis Michael A MA Leendertz Fabian H FH Ehlers Bernhard B

Virology journal 20151005

<h4>Background</h4>Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are herpesviruses that infect many mammalian species, including humans. Infection generally passes undetected, but the virus can cause serious disease in individuals with impaired immune function. Human CMV (HCMV) is circulating with high seroprevalence (60-100 %) on all continents. However, little information is available on HCMV genoprevalence and genetic diversity in subsaharan Africa, especially in rural areas of West Africa that are at high risk o ...[more]

PMID: 26437859

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Project description:BackgroundSchistosomiasis is a water-based parasitic disease that affects humans, livestock and wild animals. While considerable resources are dedicated to the surveillance, disease mapping, control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, this is not the case for livestock schistosomiasis. Indeed, there are important data and knowledge gaps concerning the species present, population genetic diversity, infection prevalence, morbidity and economic impact. This study aimed to identify circulating schistosome species in cattle across Côte d'Ivoire and to investigate their population diversity and structuring.MethodsOverall, 400 adult schistosomes were collected from slaughtered cattle at six sites across Côte d'Ivoire. Additionally, 114 miracidia were collected from live cattle at one site: Ferkessédougou, in the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire. DNA from all specimens was extracted and the cox1 and ITS1/2 regions amplified and analysed to confirm species. The genetic diversity and structuring of the schistosome populations were investigated using 12 microsatellite markers.ResultsAll adult schistosomes and miracidia presented Schistosoma bovis mitochondrial cox1 profile. Nuclear ITS1/2 data were obtained from 101 adult schistosomes and four miracidia, all of which presented an S. bovis profile. Genetic diversity indices revealed a deficiency of heterozygotes and signals of inbreeding across all sites, while structure analyses displayed little geographic structuring and differentiation. Cattle in Côte d'Ivoire thus appear to be mono-species infected with S. bovis. Hybrids of Schistosoma haematobium × S. bovis have not been identified in this study. Cattle schistosomes appear to be panmictic across the country.ConclusionsOur results contribute to a deeper understanding of schistosome populations in Ivorian cattle and emphasize a One Health approach of joint human and animal surveillance and prevention and control programmes for schistosomiasis.

Project description:BackgroundPolyparasitism is still widespread in rural communities of the developing world. However, the epidemiology of polyparasitism and implications for morbidity are poorly understood. We studied patterns of multiple species parasite infection in two rural communities of Côte d'Ivoire, including associations and interactions between infection, clinical indicators and self-reported morbidity.MethodsBetween August and September 2011, two purposely selected rural communities in southern Côte d'Ivoire were screened for helminth, intestinal protozoa and Plasmodium infection, using a suite of quality-controlled diagnostic methods. Additionally, participants were examined clinically and we measured haemoglobin level, height, weight and mid-upper arm circumference to determine nutritional status. An anamnestic questionnaire was administered to assess people's recent history of diseases and symptoms, while a household questionnaire was administered to heads of household to collect socioeconomic data. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied for assessment of possible associations between parasitic (co-)infections and morbidity outcomes.Results912/1,095 (83.3%) study participants had complete parasitological data and 852 individuals were considered for in-depth analysis. The rate of polyparasitism was high, with Plasmodium falciparum diagnosed as the predominant species, followed by Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm. There were considerable differences in polyparasitic infection profiles among the two settings. Clinical morbidity such as anaemia, splenomegaly and malnutrition was mainly found in young age groups, while in adults, self-reported morbidity dominated. High parasitaemia of P. falciparum was significantly associated with several clinical manifestations such as anaemia, splenomegaly and fever, while light-intensity helminth infections seemed to have beneficial effects, particularly for co-infected individuals.ConclusionsClinical morbidity is disturbingly high in young age groups in rural communities of Côte d'Ivoire and mainly related to very high P. falciparum endemicity. Interactions between helminth infections and P. falciparum burden (parasitaemia and clinical morbidity) are evident and must be taken into account to design future interventions.

Dataset Information

Genetic identification of cytomegaloviruses in a rural population of Cote d'Ivoire.

Publications

Genetic identification of cytomegaloviruses in a rural population of Côte d'Ivoire.

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