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Training response inhibition to food is associated with weight loss and reduced energy intake.

ABSTRACT: The majority of adults in the UK and US are overweight or obese due to multiple factors including excess energy intake. Training people to inhibit simple motor responses (key presses) to high-energy density food pictures reduces intake in laboratory studies. We examined whether online response inhibition training reduced real-world food consumption and weight in a community sample of adults who were predominantly overweight or obese (N = 83). Participants were allocated in a randomised, double-blind design to receive four 10-min sessions of either active or control go/no-go training in which either high-energy density snack foods (active) or non-food stimuli (control) were associated with no-go signals. Participants' weight, energy intake (calculated from 24-h food diaries), daily snacking frequency and subjective food evaluations were measured for one week pre- and post-intervention. Participants also provided self-reported weight and monthly snacking frequency at pre-intervention screening, and one month and six months after completing the study. Participants in the active relative to control condition showed significant weight loss, reductions in daily energy intake and a reduction in rated liking of high-energy density (no-go) foods from the pre-to post-intervention week. There were no changes in self-reported daily snacking frequency. At longer-term follow-up, the active group showed significant reductions in self-reported weight at six months, whilst both groups reported significantly less snacking at one- and six-months. Excellent rates of adherence (97%) and positive feedback about the training suggest that this intervention is acceptable and has the potential to improve public health by reducing energy intake and overweight.

SUBMITTER: Lawrence NS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4596151 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Training response inhibition to food is associated with weight loss and reduced energy intake.

Lawrence Natalia S NS O'Sullivan Jamie J Parslow David D Javaid Mahmood M Adams Rachel C RC Chambers Christopher D CD Kos Katarina K Verbruggen Frederick F

Appetite 20150629

The majority of adults in the UK and US are overweight or obese due to multiple factors including excess energy intake. Training people to inhibit simple motor responses (key presses) to high-energy density food pictures reduces intake in laboratory studies. We examined whether online response inhibition training reduced real-world food consumption and weight in a community sample of adults who were predominantly overweight or obese (N = 83). Participants were allocated in a randomised, double-b ...[more]

PMID: 26122756

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Project description:Purpose: To investigate graded levels of low protien dites effects on hypothalamic gene expression pattern, RNA-seq was performed on hypothalamus of mice treated with different levels of low protein and normal protein under both 60% fat and 20% fat conditions. Methods: There were 8 diets in total, the fat content of first 4 diets were fixed at 60% fat level by energy and protein was varied from 1% to 20% (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 20% respectively) by energy (D14121903, D14121904, D14071601,D14071604), another 4 kinds of diets contained the same graded levels of protein content as the first 4 diets but fat contents were fixed at 20% by energy (D14121905, D14121906, D14071607, D14071610). The remaining energy was compensated of carbohydrate which included corn starch and maltodextrose. Casein was used as the protein source in all diets. To mimic the typical western diet a mix of cocoa butter, menhaden oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and coconut oil was used as the fat source and was designed to generate a 47.5: 36.8: 15.8 proportion of saturated, mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats and 14.7: 1 proportion of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, the proportions of different fat compositions didn’t change under two different 60% and 20% fat conditions. Sucrose and cellulose were fixed at 5% level by energy and standard vitamin and mineral mix were also added to all diets as well (Hu et al., 2018). The two series were isocaloric within each series. Diets can be ordered direct from research diets (https://researchdiets.com) using the diet codes provided. The hypothalamus of 6 individuals were collected for each diet group, 3 of which were pooled together as one sample, resulting in each group having 2 pooled samples of 3 hypothalamus. Hypothalamic RNA was extracted using Trizol method described in star methods in paper and then sent to Beijing Genomic Institute (BGI) for RNA sequencing. All RNA sequencing was measured by using the BGI-seq 500 sequencer. To determine the sequencing quality of each sample, FASTQ raw data files were measured by using fastQC (www.bioinformatics.bbsrc.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/) quality control tool, after confirmed sequencing quality of each sample, raw reads were aligned to the Mus musculus reference genome (GRCm38) using HISAT2-2.1.0 (Kim et al., 2015; Pertea et al., 2016) and Samtools-1.2 modules (Li et al., 2009), and then featureCounts (Liao et al., 2014) tool in Subread-5.0 (Liao et al., 2013) was used to get counts for each sample from BAM files which was obtained from alignment step. To exclude the low counts, only genes with counts per million (CPM) value > 1 were included in the further analysis. Counts were normalized by the trimmed means of M values (TMM normalization) (Robinson and Oshlack, 2010) method in the edgeR (Anders et al., 2013; Lund et al., 2012; McCarthy et al., 2012; Robinson et al., 2010; Robinson and Oshlack, 2010; Robinson and Smyth, 2007) package. To investigate different dietary protein contents under fixed two levels fat content effects on gene expression levels Generalized Linear Modelling (GLM) function in R-3.5.3 edgeR package was used, The GLM model used in this study were: ~P+F+P:F, which means regression against protein (P) and fat contents (F) of diets plus their interaction (P:F). If the interaction effect was not significant (p > 0.05), the interaction was not included in the analysis and a revised model (~P+F) was utilized (Hu et al., 2018). To explore significantly correlated genes with dietary protein content respectively under 60% fat and 20% fat conditions, Pearson correlation analysis was performed for normalized log counts of all genes by using Pearson correlation method in R-3.5.3. Then selected the significantly correlated genes with dietary protein content (GLM: p < 0.05) respectively in the GLM and Pearson correlation (Pearson: p < 0.05 for 60% fat and 20% fat conditions) analysis were loaded into the Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) program (Ingenuity Systems; http://www.ingenuity.com/) to observe the significantly affected pathways. Results: The most affected pathways by the dietary low protein included the mTOR signaling pathway, the hunger signaling pathway, eIF2a signaling pathway and regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K signaling pathway. In the hunger signal pathway, we found there were strong correlations for four key hunger signaling pathway genes Pomc, Cart, Npy and Agrp with the protein content in the diet across different protein content groups (from 1% protein to 20% protein group) with Pomc and Cart expression significantly reduced as protein level declined while Npy and Agrp expression increased as protein levels decreased.

Project description:Exercise and exercise-induced weight loss have a beneficial effect on overall health, including positive effects on molecular pathways associated with immune function, especially in overweight individuals. The main aim of our study was to assess how energy deprivation (i.e., "semi-starvation") leading to substantial fat mass loss affects the immune system and immunosuppression in previously normal weight individuals. Thus, to address this hypothesis, we applied a high-throughput systems biology approach to better characterize potential key pathways associated with immune system modulation during intensive weight loss and subsequent weight regain. We examined 42 healthy female physique athletes (age 27.5 ± 4.0 years, body mass index 23.4 ± 1.7 kg/m2) volunteered into either a diet group (n = 25) or a control group (n = 17). For the diet group, the energy intake was reduced and exercise levels were increased to induce loss of fat mass that was subsequently regained during a recovery period. The control group was instructed to maintain their typical lifestyle, exercise levels, and energy intake at a constant level. For quantification of systems biology markers, fasting blood samples were drawn at three time points: baseline (PRE), at the end of the weight loss period (MID 21.1 ± 3.1 weeks after PRE), and at the end of the weight regain period (POST 18.4 ± 2.9 weeks after MID). In contrast to the control group, the diet group showed significant (false discovery rate <0.05) alteration of all measured immune function parameters-white blood cells (WBCs), immunoglobulin G glycome, leukocyte transcriptome, and cytokine profile. Integrative omics suggested effects on multiple levels of immune system as dysregulated hematopoiesis, suppressed immune cell proliferation, attenuated systemic inflammation, and loss of immune cell function by reduced antibody and chemokine secretion was implied after intense weight loss. During the weight regain period, the majority of the measured immune system parameters returned back to the baseline. In summary, this study elucidated a number of molecular pathways presumably explaining immunosuppression in individuals going through prolonged periods of intense training with low-energy availability. Our findings also reinforce the perception that the way in which weight loss is achieved (i.e., dietary restriction, exercise, or both) has a distinct effect on how the immune system is modulated.

Project description:Introduction: Free-living movement (physical activity [PA] and sedentary behavior [SB]) and eating behaviors (energy intake [EI] and food choice) affect energy balance and therefore have the potential to influence weight loss (WL). This study explored whether free-living movement and/or eating behaviors measured early (week 3) in a 14-week WL programme or their change during the intervention are associated with WL in women. Methods: In the study, 80 women (M ± SD age: 42.0 ± 12.4 years) with overweight or obesity [body mass index (BMI): 34.08 ± 3.62 kg/m2] completed a 14 week WL program focused primarily on diet (commercial or self-led). Body mass (BM) was measured at baseline, and again during week 2 and 14 along with body composition. Free-living movement (SenseWear Armband) and eating behavior (weighed food diaries) were measured for 1 week during week 3 and 12. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined whether early and early-late change in free-living movement and eating behavior were associated with WL. The differences in behavior between clinically significant weight losers (CWL; ≥5% WL) and non-clinically significant weight losers (NWL; ≤ 3% WL) were compared. Results: The energy density of food consumed [β = 0.45, p < 0.001] and vigorous PA [β = -0.30, p < 0.001] early in the intervention (regression model 1) and early-late change in light PA [β = -0.81 p < 0.001], moderate PA [β = -1.17 p < 0.001], vigorous PA [β = -0.49, p < 0.001], total energy expenditure (EE) [β = 1.84, p < 0.001], and energy density of food consumed [β = 0.27, p = 0.01] (regression model 2) significantly predicted percentage change in BM. Early in the intervention, CWL consumed less energy dense foods than NWL [p = 0.03]. CWL showed a small but significant increase in vigorous PA, whereas NWL showed a slight decrease in PA [p = 0.04]. Conclusion: Both early and early-late change in free-living movement and eating behaviors during a 14 week WL program are predictors of WL. These findings demonstrate that specific behaviors that contribute to greater EE (e.g., vigorous PA) and lower EI (e.g., less energy-dense foods) are related to greater WL outcomes. Interventions targeting these behaviors can be expected to increase the effectiveness of WL programs.

Dataset Information

Training response inhibition to food is associated with weight loss and reduced energy intake.

Publications

Training response inhibition to food is associated with weight loss and reduced energy intake.

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