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The association between sterilizing activity and drug distribution into tuberculosis lesions.

ABSTRACT: Finding new treatment-shortening antibiotics to improve cure rates and curb the alarming emergence of drug resistance is the major objective of tuberculosis (TB) drug development. Using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging suite in a biosafety containment facility, we show that the key sterilizing drugs rifampicin and pyrazinamide efficiently penetrate the sites of TB infection in lung lesions. Rifampicin even accumulates in necrotic caseum, a critical lesion site where persisting tubercle bacilli reside. In contrast, moxifloxacin, which is active in vitro against a subpopulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that persists in specific niches under drug pressure and has achieved treatment shortening in mice, does not diffuse well in caseum, concordant with its failure to shorten therapy in recent clinical trials. We suggest that such differential spatial distribution and kinetics of accumulation in lesions may create temporal and spatial windows of monotherapy in specific niches, allowing the gradual development of multidrug-resistant TB. We propose an alternative working model to prioritize new antibiotic regimens based on quantitative and spatial distribution of TB drugs in the major lesion types found in human lungs. The finding that lesion penetration may contribute to treatment outcome has wide implications for TB.

SUBMITTER: Prideaux B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4598290 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The association between sterilizing activity and drug distribution into tuberculosis lesions.

Prideaux Brendan B Via Laura E LE Zimmerman Matthew D MD Eum Seokyong S Sarathy Jansy J O'Brien Paul P Chen Chao C Kaya Firat F Weiner Danielle M DM Chen Pei-Yu PY Song Taeksun T Lee Myungsun M Shim Tae Sun TS Cho Jeong Su JS Kim Wooshik W Cho Sang Nae SN Olivier Kenneth N KN Barry Clifton E CE Dartois Véronique V

Nature medicine 20150907 10

Finding new treatment-shortening antibiotics to improve cure rates and curb the alarming emergence of drug resistance is the major objective of tuberculosis (TB) drug development. Using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging suite in a biosafety containment facility, we show that the key sterilizing drugs rifampicin and pyrazinamide efficiently penetrate the sites of TB infection in lung lesions. Rifampicin even accumulates in necrotic caseum, a critical ...[more]

PMID: 26343800

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Project description:BackgroundWorldwide tuberculosis (TB) reports show a male bias in morbidity; however, the differences in pathogenesis between men and women with TB, as well as the mechanisms associated with such differences, are poorly investigated. We hypothesized that comparison of the degree of lung injury and clinical indices of well-matched men and women with newly diagnosed TB, and statistical analysis of the correlation between these indices and the extent of lung lesions, can provide insights into the mechanism of gender bias in TB.MethodsWe evaluated the acid-fast bacilli grading of sputum samples and compiled computed tomography (CT) data of the age-matched, newly diagnosed male and female TB patients without history of smoking or comorbidities. Inflammatory biomarker levels and routine haematological and coagulation-associated parameters were compared. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to define the association between the indices and lung lesions, and the influence of sex adjustment.ResultsWomen with TB have a longer delay in seeking healthcare than men after onset of the TB-associated symptoms. Men with TB have significantly more severe lung lesions (cavities and healing-associated features) and higher bacterial counts compared to women with TB. Scoring of the CT images before and after anti-TB treatment showed a faster response to therapy in women than in men. Coagulation- and platelet-associated indices were in models from multivariate regression analysis with groups of males or females with TB or in combination. In univariate regression analysis, lower lymphocyte counts were associated with both cavity and more bacterial counts, independent of sex, age and BMI. The association of international normalized ratios (INR), prothrombin times (PTs), mean platelet volumes (MPVs) and fibrinogen (FIB) level with lung lesions was mostly influenced by sex adjustment.ConclusionsSex influences the association between haemostasis and extent of TB lung lesions, which may be one mechanism involved in sex bias in TB pathogenesis.

Project description:BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR) is emerging as major challenge facing tuberculosis control programs worldwide particularly in Asia and Africa. Findings from different studies on associations of HIV co-infection and drug resistance among patients with TB have been contradictory (discordant). Some institution based studies found strongly increased risks for multi-drug resistant TB (MDR TB) among patients co-infected with TB and HIV, whereas other studies found no increased risk (it remains less clear in community based studies. The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and HIV infection.Methods and findingsSystematic review of the published literature of observational studies was conducted. Original studies were identified using databases of Medline/Pubmed, Google Scholar and HINARI. The descriptions of original studies were made using frequency and forest plot. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plot graphically and Egger weighted and Begg rank regression tests statistically. Heterogeneity across studies was checked using Cochrane Q test statistic and I(2). Pool risk estimates of MDR-TB and sub-grouping analysis were computed to analyze associations with HIV. Random effects of the meta-analysis of all 24 observational studies showed that HIV is associated with a marginal increased risk of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (estimated Pooled OR 1.24; 95%, 1.04-1.43). Subgroup analyses showed that effect estimates were higher (Pooled OR 2.28; 95%, 1.52-3.04) for primary multi-drug resistance tuberculosis and moderate association between HIV/AIDS and MDR-TB among population based studies and no significant association in institution settings.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that there is association between MDR-TB and HIV. Capacity for diagnosis of MDR-TB and initiating and scale up of antiretroviral treatment, and collaborations between HIV and TB control programs need to be considered and strengthened.

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The association between sterilizing activity and drug distribution into tuberculosis lesions.

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The association between sterilizing activity and drug distribution into tuberculosis lesions.

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