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The Novel Oomycide Oxathiapiprolin Inhibits All Stages in the Asexual Life Cycle of Pseudoperonospora cubensis - Causal Agent of Cucurbit Downy Mildew.

ABSTRACT: Oxathiapiprolin is a new oomycide (piperidinyl thiazole isoxazoline class) discovered by DuPont which controls diseases caused by oomycete plant pathogens. It binds in the oxysterol-binding protein domain of Oomycetes. Growth chambers studies with detached leaves and potted plants showed remarkable activity of oxathiapiprolin against Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucurbits. The compound affected all stages in the asexual life cycle of the pathogen. It inhibited zoospore release, cystospore germination, lesion formation, lesion expansion, sporangiophore development and sporangial production. When applied to the foliage as a preventive spray no lesions developed due to inhibition of zoospore release and cystospore germination, and when applied curatively, at one or two days after inoculation, small restricted lesions developed but no sporulation occurred. When applied later to mature lesions, sporulation was strongly inhibited. Oxathiapiprolin suppressed sporulation of P. cubensis in naturally-infected leaves. It exhibited trans-laminar activity, translocated acropetaly from older to younger leaves, and moved from the root system to the foliage. Seed coating was highly effective in protecting the developed cucumber plants against downy mildew. UV microscopy observations made with cucumber leaves infected with P. cubensis revealed that inhibition of mycelium growth and sporulation induced by oxathiapiprolin was associated with callose encasement of the haustoria.

SUBMITTER: Cohen Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4599937 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Downy mildew of spinach is caused by the obligate oomycete pathogen, Peronospora effusa. The disease causes significant economic losses, especially in the organic sector of the industry where the use of synthetic fungicides is not permitted for disease control. New pathotypes of this pathogen are increasingly reported which are capable of breaking resistance. In this study, we took advantage of new spinach genome resources to conduct RNA-seq analyses of transcriptomic changes in leaf tissue of resistant and susceptible spinach cultivars Solomon and Viroflay, respectively, at an early stage of pathogen establishment (48 hours post inoculation, hpi) to a late stage of symptom expression and pathogen sporulation (168 hpi). Fold change differences in gene expression were recorded between the two cultivars to identify candidate genes for resistance. In Solomon, the hypersensitive inducible genes such as pathogenesis-related gene PR-1, glutathione-S-transferase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase were significantly up-regulated uniquely at 48 hpi and genes involved in zinc finger CCCH protein, glycosyltransferase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase homologs, receptor-like protein kinases were expressed at 48 hpi through 168 hpi. The types of genes significantly up-regulated in Solomon in response to the pathogen suggests that salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways mediate resistance. Furthermore, many genes involved in the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathways were highly expressed in Viroflay compared to Solomon at 168 hpi. As anticipated, an abundance of significantly down-regulated genes was apparent at 168 hpi, reflecting symptom development and sporulation in cultivar Viroflay, but not at 48 hpi. In the pathogen, genes encoding RxLR-type effectors were expressed during early colonization of cultivar Viroflay while crinkler-type effector genes were expressed at the late stage of the colonization. Our results provide insights on gene expression in resistant and susceptible spinach-P. effusa interactions, which can guide future studies to assess candidate genes necessary for downy mildew resistance in spinach.

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The Novel Oomycide Oxathiapiprolin Inhibits All Stages in the Asexual Life Cycle of Pseudoperonospora cubensis - Causal Agent of Cucurbit Downy Mildew.

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