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Heart-specific Rpd3 downregulation enhances cardiac function and longevity.

ABSTRACT: Downregulation of Rpd3, a homologue of mammalian Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Once revealed that long-lived fruit flies exhibit limited cardiac decline, we investigated whether Rpd3 downregulation would improve stress resistance and/or lifespan when targeted in the heart. Contested against three different stressors (oxidation, starvation and heat), heart-specific Rpd3 downregulation significantly enhanced stress resistance in flies. However, these higher levels of resistance were not observed when Rpd3 downregulation was targeted in other tissues or when other long-lived flies were tested in the heart-specific manner. Interestingly, the expressions of anti-aging genes such as sod2, foxo and Thor, were systemically increased as a consequence of heart-specific Rpd3 downregulation. Showing higher resistance to oxidative stress, the heart-specific Rpd3 downregulation concurrently exhibited improved cardiac functions, demonstrating an increased heart rate, decreased heart failure and accelerated heart recovery. Conversely, Rpd3 upregulation in cardiac tissue reduced systemic resistance against heat stress with decreased heart function, also specifying phosphorylated Rpd3 levels as a significant modulator. Continual downregulation of Rpd3 throughout aging increased lifespan, implicating that Rpd3 deacetylase in the heart plays a significant role in cardiac function and longevity to systemically modulate the fly's response to the environment.

SUBMITTER: Kopp ZA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4600623 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heart-specific Rpd3 downregulation enhances cardiac function and longevity.

Kopp Zachary A ZA Hsieh Jo-Lin JL Li Andrew A Wang William W Bhatt Dhelni T DT Lee Angela A Kim Sae Yeon SY Fan David D Shah Veevek V Siddiqui Emaad E Ragam Radhika R Park Kristen K Ardeshna Dev D Park Kunwoo K Wu Rachel R Parikh Hardik H Parikh Ayush A Lin Yuh-Ru YR Park Yongkyu Y

Aging 20150901 9

Downregulation of Rpd3, a homologue of mammalian Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Once revealed that long-lived fruit flies exhibit limited cardiac decline, we investigated whether Rpd3 downregulation would improve stress resistance and/or lifespan when targeted in the heart. Contested against three different stressors (oxidation, starvation and heat), heart-specific Rpd3 downregulation significantly enhanced stress resistance in flies. However, these h ...[more]

PMID: 26399365

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Project description:RATIONALE:PGC1? (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1?) represents an attractive target interfering bioenergetics and mitochondrial homeostasis, yet multiple attempts have failed to upregulate PGC1? expression as a therapy, for instance, causing cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a fine-tuning of PGC1? expression is essential for cardiac homeostasis in a context-dependent manner. METHODS AND RESULTS:Moderate cardiac-specific PGC1? overexpression through a ROSA26 locus knock-in strategy was utilized in WT (wild type) mice and in G3Terc-/- (third generation of telomerase deficient; hereafter as G3) mouse model, respectively. Ultrastructure, mitochondrial stress, echocardiographic, and a variety of biological approaches were applied to assess mitochondrial physiology and cardiac function. While WT mice showed a relatively consistent PGC1? expression from 3 to 12 months old, age-matched G3 mice exhibited declined PGC1? expression and compromised mitochondrial function. Cardiac-specific overexpression of PGC1? (PGC1?OE) promoted mitochondrial and cardiac function in 3-month-old WT mice but accelerated cardiac aging and significantly shortened life span in 12-month-old WT mice because of increased mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species insult. In contrast, cardiac-specific PGC1? knock in in G3 (G3 PGC1?OE) mice restored mitochondrial homeostasis and attenuated senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, thereby preserving cardiac performance with age and extending health span. Mechanistically, age-dependent defect in mitophagy is associated with accumulation of damaged mitochondria that leads to cardiac impairment and premature death in 12-month-old WT PGC1?OE mice. In the context of telomere dysfunction, PGC1? induction replenished energy supply through restoring the compromised mitochondrial biogenesis and thus is beneficial to old G3 heart. CONCLUSIONS:Fine-tuning the expression of PGC1? is crucial for the cardiac homeostasis because the balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and clearance is vital for regulating mitochondrial function and homeostasis. These results reinforce the importance of carefully evaluating the PGC1?-boosting strategies in a context-dependent manner to facilitate clinical translation of novel cardioprotective therapies.

Project description:In this study, we developed three-dimensional (3D) printed annular ring-like scaffolds of hydrogel (gelatin-alginate) constructs encapsulated with a mixture of human cardiac AC16 cardiomyocytes (CMs), fibroblasts (CFs), and microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) as cardiac organoid models in preparation for investigating the role of microgravity in cardiovascular disease initiation and development. We studied the mechanical properties of the acellular scaffolds and confirmed their cell compatibility as well as heterocellular coupling for cardiac tissue engineering. Rheological analysis performed on the acellular scaffolds showed the scaffolds to be elastogenic with elastic modulus within the range of a native in vivo heart tissue. The microstructural and physicochemical properties of the scaffolds analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the mechanical and functional stability of the scaffolds for long-term use in in vitro cell culture studies. HL-1 cardiomyocytes bioprinted in these hydrogel scaffolds exhibited contractile functions over a sustained period of culture. Cell mixtures containing CMs, CFs, and ECs encapsulated within the 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds exhibited a significant increase in viability and proliferation over 21 days, as shown by flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, via the expression of specific cardiac biomarkers, cardiac-specific cell functionality was confirmed. Our study depicted the heterocellular cardiac cell interactions, which is extremely important for the maintenance of normal physiology of the cardiac wall in vivo and significantly increased over a period of 21 days in in vitro. This 3D bioprinted "cardiac organoid" model can be adopted to simulate cardiac environments in which cellular crosstalk in diseased pathologies like cardiac atrophy can be studied in vitro and can further be used for drug cytotoxicity screening or underlying disease mechanisms.

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Heart-specific Rpd3 downregulation enhances cardiac function and longevity.

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Heart-specific Rpd3 downregulation enhances cardiac function and longevity.

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