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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect against Experimental Colitis via Attenuating Colon Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

ABSTRACT: The administration of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could reverse experimental colitis, and the predominant mechanism in tissue repair seems to be related to their paracrine activity. BMSCs derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs), including mcirovesicles and exosomes, containing diverse proteins, mRNAs and micro-RNAs, mediating various biological functions, might be a main paracrine mechanism for stem cell to injured cell communication. We aimed to investigate the potential alleviating effects of BMSC-EVs in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. Intravenous injection of BMSC-EVs attenuated the severity of colitis as evidenced by decrease of disease activity index (DAI) and histological colonic damage. In inflammation response, the BMSC-EVs treatment significantly reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor kappaBp65 (NF-?Bp65), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), induciblenitric oxidesynthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in injured colon. Additionally, the BMSC-EVs injection resulted in a markedly decrease in interleukin-1? (IL-1?) and an increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression. Therapeutic effect of BMSC-EVs associated with suppression of oxidative perturbations was manifested by a decrease in the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). BMSC-EVs also suppressed the apoptosis via reducing the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 in colitis rats. Data obtained indicated that the beneficial effects of BMSC-EVs were due to the down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, inhibition of NF-?Bp65 signal transduction pathways, modulation of anti-oxidant/ oxidant balance, and moderation of the occurrence of apoptosis.

SUBMITTER: Yang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4607447 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect against Experimental Colitis via Attenuating Colon Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

Yang Jia J Liu Xing-Xing XX Fan Heng H Tang Qing Q Shou Zhe-Xing ZX Zuo Dong-Mei DM Zou Zhou Z Xu Meng M Chen Qian-Yun QY Peng Ying Y Deng Shuang-Jiao SJ Liu Yu-Jin YJ

PloS one 20151015 10

The administration of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could reverse experimental colitis, and the predominant mechanism in tissue repair seems to be related to their paracrine activity. BMSCs derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs), including mcirovesicles and exosomes, containing diverse proteins, mRNAs and micro-RNAs, mediating various biological functions, might be a main paracrine mechanism for stem cell to injured cell communication. We aimed to investigate the potential alleviating e ...[more]

PMID: 26469068

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Project description:UnlabelledPreterm neonates are susceptible to perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, for which no treatment is available. In a preclinical animal model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in ovine fetuses, we have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of systemically administered mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The mechanism of MSC treatment is unclear but suggested to be paracrine, through secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, we investigated in this study the protective effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in a preclinical model of preterm hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Ovine fetuses were subjected to global hypoxia-ischemia by transient umbilical cord occlusion, followed by in utero intravenous administration of MSC-EVs. The therapeutic effects of MSC-EV administration were assessed by analysis of electrophysiological parameters and histology of the brain. Systemic administration of MSC-EVs improved brain function by reducing the total number and duration of seizures, and by preserving baroreceptor reflex sensitivity. These functional protections were accompanied by a tendency to prevent hypomyelination. Cerebral inflammation remained unaffected by the MSC-EV treatment. Our data demonstrate that MSC-EV treatment might provide a novel strategy to reduce the neurological sequelae following hypoxic-ischemic injury of the preterm brain. Our study results suggest that a cell-free preparation comprising neuroprotective MSC-EVs could substitute MSCs in the treatment of preterm neonates with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, thereby circumventing the potential risks of systemic administration of living cells.SignificanceBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show promise in treating hypoxic-ischemic injury of the preterm brain. Study results suggest administration of extracellular vesicles, rather than intact MSCs, is sufficient to exert therapeutic effects and avoids potential concerns associated with administration of living cells. The therapeutic efficacy of systemically administered mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) on hypoxia-ischemia-induced injury was assessed in the preterm ovine brain. Impaired function and structural injury of the fetal brain was improved following global hypoxia-ischemia. A cell-free preparation of MSC-EVs could substitute for the cellular counterpart in the treatment of preterm neonates with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This may open new clinical applications for "off-the-shelf" interventions with MSC-EVs.

Project description:BackgroundHuman mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) revealed neuroprotective potentials in various brain injury models, including neonatal encephalopathy caused by hypoxia-ischemia (HI). However, for clinical translation of an MSC-EV therapy, scaled manufacturing strategies are required, which is challenging with primary MSCs due to inter- and intra-donor heterogeneities. Therefore, we established a clonally expanded and immortalized human MSC line (ciMSC) and compared the neuroprotective potential of their EVs with EVs from primary MSCs in a murine model of HI-induced brain injury. In vivo activities of ciMSC-EVs were comprehensively characterized according to their proposed multimodal mechanisms of action.MethodsNine-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to HI followed by repetitive intranasal delivery of primary MSC-EVs or ciMSC-EVs 1, 3, and 5 days after HI. Sham-operated animals served as healthy controls. To compare neuroprotective effects of both EV preparations, total and regional brain atrophy was assessed by cresyl-violet-staining 7 days after HI. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time PCR were performed to investigate neuroinflammatory and regenerative processes. The amount of peripheral inflammatory mediators was evaluated by multiplex analyses in serum samples.ResultsIntranasal delivery of ciMSC-EVs and primary MSC-EVs comparably protected neonatal mice from HI-induced brain tissue atrophy. Mechanistically, ciMSC-EV application reduced microglia activation and astrogliosis, endothelial activation, and leukocyte infiltration. These effects were associated with a downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta and an elevated expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-beta in the brain, while concentrations of cytokines in the peripheral blood were not affected. ciMSC-EV-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in the brain were accompanied by an increased neural progenitor and endothelial cell proliferation, oligodendrocyte maturation, and neurotrophic growth factor expression.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that ciMSC-EVs conserve neuroprotective effects of primary MSC-EVs via inhibition of neuroinflammation and promotion of neuroregeneration. Since ciMSCs can overcome challenges associated with MSC heterogeneity, they appear as an ideal cell source for the scaled manufacturing of EV-based therapeutics to treat neonatal and possibly also adult brain injury.

Dataset Information

Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect against Experimental Colitis via Attenuating Colon Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

Publications

Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect against Experimental Colitis via Attenuating Colon Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

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