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Effects of Oral Administration of Chitin Nanofiber on Plasma Metabolites and Gut Microorganisms.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oral administration of chitin nanofibers (CNFs) and surface-deacetylated (SDA) CNFs on plasma metabolites using metabolome analysis. Furthermore, we determined the changes in gut microbiota and fecal organic acid concentrations following oral administrations of CNFs and SDACNFs. Healthy female mice (six-week-old) were fed a normal diet and administered tap water with 0.1% (v/v) CNFs or SDACNFs for 28 days. Oral administration of CNFs increased plasma levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Oral administration of SDACNFs affected the metabolisms of acyl-carnitines and fatty acids. The fecal organic level analysis indicated that oral administration of CNFs stimulated and activated the functions of microbiota. These results indicate that oral administration of CNFs increases plasma levels of ATP and 5-HT via activation of gut microbiota.

SUBMITTER: Azuma K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4613289 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Oral Administration of Chitin Nanofiber on Plasma Metabolites and Gut Microorganisms.

Azuma Kazuo K Izumi Ryotaro R Kawata Mari M Nagae Tomone T Osaki Tomohiro T Murahata Yusuke Y Tsuka Takeshi T Imagawa Tomohiro T Ito Norihiko N Okamoto Yoshiharu Y Morimoto Minoru M Izawa Hironori H Saimoto Hiroyuki H Ifuku Shinsuke S

International journal of molecular sciences 20150910 9

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oral administration of chitin nanofibers (CNFs) and surface-deacetylated (SDA) CNFs on plasma metabolites using metabolome analysis. Furthermore, we determined the changes in gut microbiota and fecal organic acid concentrations following oral administrations of CNFs and SDACNFs. Healthy female mice (six-week-old) were fed a normal diet and administered tap water with 0.1% (v/v) CNFs or SDACNFs for 28 days. Oral administration of CNFs increased ...[more]

PMID: 26378523

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Project description:3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an illicit phenethylamine ingested for entactogenic and euphoric effects. Although blood is more commonly submitted for forensic analysis, previous human MDMA pharmacokinetics research focused on plasma data; no direct blood-plasma comparisons were drawn. Blood and plasma specimens from 50 healthy adult volunteers (33 males, 17 females, 36 African-American) who ingested recreational 1.0 and 1.6 mg/kg MDMA doses were quantified for MDMA and metabolites 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA) by two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Specimens were collected up to 3 h post-dose and evaluated for maximum concentration (C max), first detection time (t first), time of C max (t max), and 3-h area under the curve (AUC0-3 h); as well as blood metabolite ratios and blood/plasma ratios. Median blood MDMA and MDA C max were significantly greater (p?<?0.0005) than in plasma, but HMMA was significantly less (p?<?0.0005). HMA was detected in few blood specimens, at low concentrations. Nonlinear pharmacokinetics were not observed for MDMA or MDA in this absorptive phase, but HMMA C max and AUC0-3 h were similar for both doses despite the 1.6-fold dose difference. Blood MDA/MDMA and MDA/HMMA significantly increased (p?<?0.0001) over the 3-h time course, and HMMA/MDMA significantly decreased (p?<?0.0001). Blood MDMA C max was significantly greater in females (p?=?0.010) after the low dose only. Low-dose HMMA AUC0-3 h was significantly decreased in females' blood and plasma (p?=?0.027) and in African-Americans' plasma (p?=?0.035). These data provide valuable insight into MDMA blood-plasma relationships for forensic interpretation and evidence of sex- and race-based differential metabolism and risk profiles. Figure Median (interquartile range) blood/plasma 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (a), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) (b), and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) (c) ratios for 3 h after controlled MDMA administration. Changes over time were significant after the 1.6 mg/kg dose for HMMA and MDA (p?=?0.013 and p?=?0.021), but not for MDMA. No changes over time were significant after the 1.0 mg/kg dose. Note: y-axes do not begin at 0. *p ?<?0.05 (low vs. high).

Dataset Information

Effects of Oral Administration of Chitin Nanofiber on Plasma Metabolites and Gut Microorganisms.

Publications

Effects of Oral Administration of Chitin Nanofiber on Plasma Metabolites and Gut Microorganisms.

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