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Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in young adults with Internet gaming disorder.

ABSTRACT: The insula has been implicated in salience processing, craving, and interoception, all of which are critical to the clinical manifestations of drug and behavioral addiction. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we examined resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the insula and its association with Internet gaming characteristics in 74 young adults with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (HCs). In comparison with HCs, IGD subjects (IGDs) exhibited enhanced rsFC between the anterior insula and a network of regions including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), putamen, angular gyrus, and precuneous, which are involved in salience, craving, self-monitoring, and attention. IGDs also demonstrated significantly stronger rsFC between the posterior insula and postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, supplemental motor area, and superior temporal gyrus (STG), which are involved in interoception, movement control, and auditory processing. Furthermore, IGD severity was positively associated with connectivity between the anterior insula and angular gyrus, and STG, and with connectivity between the posterior insula and STG. Duration of Internet gaming was positively associated with connectivity between the anterior insula and ACC. These findings highlight a key role of the insula in manifestation of the core symptoms of IGD and the importance to examine functional abnormalities of the anterior and posterior insula separately in IGDs.

SUBMITTER: Zhang JT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4615265 | biostudies-literature | 2016 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in young adults with Internet gaming disorder.

Zhang Jin-Tao JT Yao Yuan-Wei YW Li Chiang-Shan R CS Zang Yu-Feng YF Shen Zi-Jiao ZJ Liu Lu L Wang Ling-Jiao LJ Liu Ben B Fang Xiao-Yi XY

Addiction biology 20150420 3

The insula has been implicated in salience processing, craving, and interoception, all of which are critical to the clinical manifestations of drug and behavioral addiction. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we examined resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the insula and its association with Internet gaming characteristics in 74 young adults with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (HCs). In comparison with H ...[more]

PMID: 25899520

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Project description:BackgroundFibromyalgia (FM) is a disabling chronic pain syndrome with unknown pathophysiology. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies on FM have suggested altered brain connectivity between the insula and the default mode network (DMN). However, this connectivity change has not been characterized through direct neural signals for exploring the embedded spectrotemporal features and the pertinent clinical relevance.MethodsWe recorded the resting-state magnetoencephalographic activities of 28 patients with FM and 28 age- and sex-matched controls, and analyzed the source-based functional connectivity between the insula and the DMN at 1-40 Hz by using the minimum norm estimates and imaginary coherence methods. We also measured the connectivity between the DMN and the primary visual (V1) and somatosensory (S1) cortices as intrapatient negative controls. Connectivity measurement was further correlated with the clinical parameters of FM.ResultsCompared with the controls, patients with FM reported more tender points (15.2±2.0 vs. 5.9±3.7) and higher total tenderness score (TTS; 29.1±7.0 vs. 7.7±5.5; both p < 0.001); they also had decreased insula-DMN connectivity at the theta band (4-8 Hz; left, p = 0.007; right, p = 0.035), but displayed unchanged V1-DMN and S1-DMN connectivity (p > 0.05). When patients with FM and the controls were combined together, the insula-DMN theta connectivity was negatively correlated with the number of tender points (left insula, r = -0.428, p = 0.001; right insula, r = -0.4, p = 0.002) and TTS score (left insula, r = -0.429, p = 0.001; right insula, r = -0.389, p = 0.003). Furthermore, in patients with FM, the right insula-DMN connectivity at the beta band (13-25 Hz) was negatively correlated with the number of tender points (r = -0.532, p = 0.004) and TTS (r = -0.428, p = 0.023), and the bilateral insula-DMN connectivity at the delta band (1-4 Hz) was negatively correlated with FM Symptom Severity (left: r = -0.423, p = 0.025; right: r = -0.437, p = 0.020) and functional disability (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; left: r = -0.415, p = 0.028; right: r = -0.374, p = 0.050).ConclusionsWe confirmed the frequency-specific reorganization of the insula-DMN connectivity in FM. The clinical relevance of this connectivity change may warrant future studies to elucidate its causal relationship and potential as a neurological signature for FM.

Project description:ObjectivePrimary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common developmental condition in school-aged children. The objective is to better understand the pathophysiology of PNE by using insula-centered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC).MethodsWe recruited 66 right-handed participants in our analysis, 33 with PNE and 33 healthy control (HC) children without enuresis matched for gender and age. Functional and structural MRI data were obtained from all the children. Seed-based rsFC was used to examine differences in insular functional connectivity between the PNE and HC groups. Correlation analyses were carried out to explore the relationship between abnormal insula-centered functional connectivity and clinical characteristics in the PNE group.ResultsCompared with HC children, the children with PNE demonstrated decreased left and right insular rsFC with the right medial superior frontal gyrus (SFG). In addition, the bilateral dorsal anterior insula (dAI) seeds also indicated the reduced rsFC with right medial SFG. Furthermore, the right posterior insula (PI) seed showed the weaker rsFC with the right medial SFG, while the left PI seed displayed the weaker rsFC with the right SFG. No statistically significant correlations were detected between aberrant insular rsFC and clinical variables (e.g., micturition desire awakening, bed-wetting frequency, and bladder volume) in results without global signal regression (GSR) in the PNE group. However, before and after setting age as a covariate, significant and positive correlations between bladder volume and the rsFC of the left dAI with right medial SFG and the rsFC of the right PI with right medial SFG were found in results with GSR in the PNE group.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this study explored the rsFC patterns of the insula in children with PNE for the first time. These results uncovered the abnormal rsFC of the insula with the medial prefrontal cortex without and with GSR in the PNE group, suggesting that dysconnectivity of the salience network (SN)-default mode network (DMN) may involve in the underlying pathophysiology of children with PNE. However, the inconsistent associations between bladder volume and dysconnectivity of the SN-DMN in results without and with GSR need further studies.

Project description:BackgroundDigital technology use is nearly ubiquitous among young adults; this use provides both benefits and risks. The risks of technology use include maladaptive technology use or technology addiction. Several conceptualizations of these addictions have emerged, each with its own assessment tools. These conditions include problematic internet use (PIU), internet gaming disorder (IGD), and social media addiction (SMA). These conditions have been associated with health outcomes such as problematic alcohol use, sleep disorders, and mental illness. These maladaptive technology conditions have been most commonly studied in isolation from each other.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine PIU, IGD, and SMA together to better inform future research approaches and provider screening practices for young adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey study was conducted using Qualtrics panel-based recruitment and survey hosting. We recruited US young adults aged 18-25 years. The survey assessed PIU, IGD, and SMA. Survey measures also included assessments of problematic alcohol use, sleep, depression, and anxiety. We evaluated the frequency of and overlap in positive screening scores among PIU, IGD, and SMA and modeled each condition using multivariate logistic regression. Finally, we calculated sensitivity and specificity, as well as the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the screening tools using the most prevalent maladaptive technology type.ResultsOur 6000 participants had an average age of 21.7 (SD 2.5) years. Of these 6000 participants, 3062 (51.03%) were female, 3431 (57.18%) were Caucasian, 1686 (28.1%) were in a 4-year college program, and 2319 (38.65%) worked full time. The mean PIU score was 3.5 (SD 3.1), and 53.58% (3215/6000) of participants met the criteria for PIU. The mean IGD score was 2.7 (SD 2.6), and 24.33% (1460/6000) of participants met the criteria for IGD. The mean SMA score was 7.5 (SD 5.7), and 3.42% (205/6000) met the criteria for SMA. Across all 3 maladaptive technology use diagnoses, there were varied associations with demographic variables and similar overlap with health outcomes. The sensitivity of PIU screening to detect IGD was 82% and to detect SMA was 93%, whereas the specificity and positive predictive value were much lower (37%-54% specificity; 6%-37% positive predictive value).ConclusionsThis cross-sectional survey screened a large national sample of adolescents and young adults for PIU, IGD, and SMA to determine prevalence and overlap, demographic associations with each, and associations between these technology-related conditions and health outcomes. There was overlap across PIU, IGD, and SMA in some associated demographic variables and health outcomes. However, the patterns in the associated variables demonstrated unique qualities of each of these conditions.

Project description:ObjectiveInternet gaming disorder (IGD) can seriously impair an individual's physical and mental health. However, unlike the majority of those suffering from substance addiction, individuals with IGD may recover without any professional intervention. Understanding the brain mechanisms of natural recovery from IGD may provide new insight into how to prevent addiction and implement more targeted interventions.MethodsSixty individuals with IGD were scanned by using a resting-state fMRI to assess brain region changes associated with IGD. After 1 year, 19 individuals with IGD no longer met the IGD criteria and were considered recovered (RE-IGD), 23 individuals still met the IGD criteria (PER-IGD), and 18 individuals left the study. The brain activity in resting state between 19 RE-IGD individuals and 23 PER-IGD individuals was compared by using regional homogeneity (ReHo). Additionally, brain structure and cue-craving functional MRIs were collected to further support the results in the resting-state.ResultsThe resting-state fMRI results revealed that activity in brain regions responsible for reward and inhibitory control [including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the precuneus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)] was decreased in the PER-IGD individuals compared to RE-IGD individuals. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between mean ReHo values in the precuneus and self-reported craving scores for gaming, whether among the PER-IGD individuals or the RE-IGD individuals. Furthermore, we found similar results in that brain structure and cue-craving differences exist between the PER-IGD individuals and RE-IGD individuals, specifically in the brain regions associated with reward processing and inhibitory control (including the DLPFC, anterior cingulate gyrus, insula, OFC, precuneus, and superior frontal gyrus).ConclusionThese findings indicate that the brain regions responsible for reward processing and inhibitory control are different in PER-IGD individuals, which may have consequences on natural recovery. Our present study provides neuroimaging evidence that spontaneous brain activity may influence natural recovery from IGD.

Dataset Information

Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in young adults with Internet gaming disorder.

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Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in young adults with Internet gaming disorder.

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