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Eating alone and depression in older men and women by cohabitation status: The JAGES longitudinal survey.

ABSTRACT: Eating by oneself may be a risk factor for mental illness among older adults, but may be influenced by cohabitation status. We examined the association between eating alone and depression in the context of cohabitation status in older adults in Japan.A longitudinal, population-based study.Data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study.We analysed 17,612 men and 19,581 women aged ?65 without depression (Geriatric Depression Scale <5) at baseline in 2010.Eating status was classified into two categories: eating with others and eating alone. The risk of depression onset by 2013 was estimated using Poisson regression.After adjusting for socioeconomic status, physical health, nutritional status, social support, social participation, frequency of meet friends, employment status and marital status, the adjusted rate ratio (ARR) for depression onset in men who ate alone compared with those who ate with others was 2.36 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.18-4.71) for those living alone and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.81-1.32) for those living with others. Among women, the ARR for depression for those who ate alone compared with those who ate with others was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.00-1.72) for those living alone and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.01-1.44) for those living with others.Eating alone may be a risk factor for depression. Among men, the effect of eating alone on depression may be reinforced by living alone, but appears to be broadly comparable in women living alone and women living with others.

SUBMITTER: Tani Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4621239 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Eating alone and depression in older men and women by cohabitation status: The JAGES longitudinal survey.

Tani Yukako Y Sasaki Yuri Y Haseda Maho M Kondo Katsunori K Kondo Naoki N

Age and ageing 20151101 6

<h4>Background</h4>Eating by oneself may be a risk factor for mental illness among older adults, but may be influenced by cohabitation status. We examined the association between eating alone and depression in the context of cohabitation status in older adults in Japan.<h4>Design</h4>A longitudinal, population-based study.<h4>Setting</h4>Data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study.<h4>Subjects</h4>We analysed 17,612 men and 19,581 women aged ≥65 without depression (Geriatric Depression S ...[more]

PMID: 26504120

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Project description:Activity rhythm disturbances and depression often co-occur among older adults. However, little is known about how activity rhythm disturbances themselves co-occur, or how disturbances to multiple aspects of the activity rhythm relate to depression over time. In this study, we performed a Latent Class Analysis to derive sub-groups of older men [total n?=?2933, mean age?=?76.28, standard deviation (SD)?=?5.48] who shared similar patterns of activity rhythm disturbances (defined as extreme values of modeled activity rhythm parameters). We found eight sub-groups with distinct combinations of activity rhythm disturbances: one had all normative activity rhythm parameters (32.09%), one had only lower activity (10.06%), three had earlier activity (totaling 26.96%) and three had later activity (totaling 30.89%). Groups with similar timing were distinguished depending on whether the relative length of the active period was shorter and/or if the activity rhythm had lesser amplitude/robustness. We next examined whether the derived activity rhythm sub-groups were associated with different rates of change in depression symptom levels over an average of 5.5 (0.52 SD) follow-up years. The sub-group with lower activity only had faster increases in depressive symptoms over time (compared with the group with normative rhythm parameters), but this association was accounted for by adjustments for concurrently assessed health status covariates. Independent of these covariates, we found that four activity rhythm disturbance sub-groups experienced faster depressive symptom increases (compared with the normative sub-group): These included all three sub-groups that had later activity timing and one sub-group that had earlier activity timing plus a shorter active period and a dampened rhythm. Low activity rhythm height/robustness with normal timing therefore may mark depression risk that is attributable to co-occurring disease processes; in contrast, having late or combined early/compressed/dampened activity rhythms may independently contribute to depression symptom development. Our findings suggest that activity rhythm-related depression risk is heterogeneous, and may be detected when multiple aspects of rhythm timing are delayed or when early timing is accompanied by compressed/dampened activity rhythms. Future studies should consider how distinct combinations of altered activity rhythm timing and height/robustness develop and conjointly determine health risks. Further research is also needed to determine whether/how activity rhythms can be modified to improve depression outcomes.

Project description:BackgroundPoor cooking skills have been linked to unhealthy diets. However, limited research has examined associations of cooking skills with older adults' health outcomes. We examined whether cooking skills were associated with dietary behaviors and body weight among older people in Japan.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the 2016 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a self-report, population-based questionnaire study of men (n?=?9143) and women (n?=?10,595) aged ?65?years. The cooking skills scale, which comprises seven items with good reliability, was modified for use in Japan. We calculated adjusted relative risk ratios of unhealthy dietary behaviors (low frequency of home cooking, vegetable/fruit intake; high frequency of eating outside the home) using logistic or Poisson regression, and relative risk ratios of obesity and underweight using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsWomen had higher levels of cooking skills, compared with men. Women with a moderate to low level of cooking skills were 3.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.87-3.92) times more likely to have a lower frequency of home cooking and 1.61 (95% CI: 1.36-1.91) times more likely to have a lower frequency of vegetable/fruit intake, compared with women with a high level of cooking skills. Men with a low level of cooking skills were 2.56 (95% CI: 2.36-2.77) times more likely to have a lower frequency of home cooking and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.06-1.92) times more likely to be underweight, compared with men with a high level of cooking skills. Among men in charge of meals, those with a low level of cooking skills were 7.85 (95% CI: 6.04-10.21) times more likely to have a lower frequency of home cooking, 2.28 (95% CI: 1.36-3.82) times more likely to have a higher frequency of eating outside the home, and 2.79 (95% CI: 1.45-5.36) times more likely to be underweight, compared with men with a high level of cooking skills. Cooking skills were unassociated with obesity.ConclusionsA low level of cooking skills was associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors and underweight, especially among men in charge of meals. Research on improving cooking skills among older adults is needed.

Dataset Information

Eating alone and depression in older men and women by cohabitation status: The JAGES longitudinal survey.

Publications

Eating alone and depression in older men and women by cohabitation status: The JAGES longitudinal survey.

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