Dataset Information

Lung function and exhaled nitric oxide in healthy unsedated African infants.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objective

Population-appropriate lung function reference data are essential to accurately identify respiratory disease and measure response to interventions. There are currently no reference data in African infants. The aim was to describe normal lung function in healthy African infants.

Methods

Lung function was performed on healthy South African infants enrolled in a birth cohort study, the Drakenstein child health study. Infants were excluded if they were born preterm or had a history of neonatal respiratory distress or prior respiratory tract infection. Measurements, made during natural sleep, included the forced oscillation technique, tidal breathing, exhaled nitric oxide and multiple breath washout measures.

Results

Three hundred sixty-three infants were tested. Acceptable and repeatable measurements were obtained in 356 (98%) and 352 (97%) infants for tidal breathing analysis and exhaled nitric oxide outcomes, 345 (95%) infants for multiple breath washout and 293 of the 333 (88%) infants for the forced oscillation technique. Age, sex and weight-for-age z score were significantly associated with lung function measures.

Conclusions

This study provides reference data for unsedated infant lung function in African infants and highlights the importance of using population-specific data.

SUBMITTER: Gray D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4623783 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Lung function and exhaled nitric oxide in healthy unsedated African infants.

Gray Diane D Willemse Lauren L Visagie Ane A Smith Emilee E Czövek Dorottya D Sly Peter D PD Hantos Zoltán Z Hall Graham L GL Zar Heather J HJ

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 20150701 7

<h4>Background and objective</h4>Population-appropriate lung function reference data are essential to accurately identify respiratory disease and measure response to interventions. There are currently no reference data in African infants. The aim was to describe normal lung function in healthy African infants.<h4>Methods</h4>Lung function was performed on healthy South African infants enrolled in a birth cohort study, the Drakenstein child health study. Infants were excluded if they were born pr ...[more]

PMID: 26134556

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Project description:BackgroundExhaled nitric oxide is a marker of airway inflammation. Air pollution induces airway inflammation and oxidative stress. Little is known about the impact of air pollution on exhaled nitric oxide in young infants.MethodsThe Breathing for Life Trial recruited pregnant women with asthma into a randomised controlled trial comparing usual clinical care versus inflammometry-guided asthma management in pregnancy. Four hundred fifty-seven infants from the Breathing for Life Trial birth cohort were assessed at six weeks of age. Exhaled nitric oxide was measured in unsedated, sleeping infants. Its association with local mean 24-h and mean seven-day concentrations of ozone, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) and less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in diameter was investigated. The air pollutant data were sourced from local monitoring sites of the New South Wales Air Quality Monitoring Network. The association was assessed using a 'least absolute shrinkage and selection operator' (LASSO) approach, multivariable regression and Spearman's rank correlation.ResultsA seasonal variation was evident with higher median exhaled nitric oxide levels (13.6 ppb) in warmer months and lower median exhaled nitric oxide levels (11.0 ppb) in cooler months, P = 0.008. LASSO identified positive associations for exhaled nitric oxide with 24-h mean ammonia, seven-day mean ammonia, seven-day mean PM10, seven-day mean PM2.5, and seven-day mean ozone; and negative associations for eNO with seven-day mean carbon monoxide, 24-h mean nitric oxide and 24-h mean sulfur dioxide, with an R-square of 0.25 for the penalized coefficients. These coefficients selected by LASSO (and confounders) were entered in multivariable regression. The achieved R-square was 0.27.ConclusionIn this cohort of young infants of asthmatic mothers, exhaled nitric oxide showed seasonal variation and an association with local air pollution concentrations.

Project description:ObjectiveAirway inflammation plays an important role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); exhaled nitric oxide is regarded as a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) in patients with OSA.MethodsSeventy-five patients with OSA and 30 health controls were enrolled in this study. FeNO and nNO were measured before and after sleep. Nasal lavage was performed in 31 non-smoking individuals immediately after NO measurement in the morning. The sample of nasal lavage was taken for cell classification and analyzing interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8).ResultsBoth FeNO and nNO were significantly higher in OSA (before sleep FeNO 21.08 ± 8.79 ppb vs.16.90 ± 6.86 ppb, p = 0.022; after sleep FeNO 25.57 ± 15.58 ppb vs.18.07 ± 6.25 ppb, p = 0.003; before sleep nNO 487.03 ± 115.83 ppb vs. 413.37 ± 73.10 ppb, p = 0.001; after sleep nNO 550.07 ± 130.24 ppb vs. 460.43 ± 109.77 ppb, p < 0.001). Furthermore, in non-smoking OSA, nNO levels were positively correlated with apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and average decrease of pulse arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2); after sleep, nNO was also positively associated to recording time with SpO2 < 90% and negatively associated to minimum SpO2. Both before and after sleep nNO levels were positively correlated with the percentage of neutrophils in nasal lavage (r = 0.528, p = 0.014; r = 0.702, p < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, before sleep nNO was also positively associated with IL-6 (r = 0.586, p = 0.005) and IL-8 (r = 0.520, p = 0.016) concentration.ConclusionThis study sustains the presence of airway inflammation in OSA patients with the increase of FeNO and nNO. The data suggests nNO might have greater value than FeNO since it positively correlated with OSA severity, and nNO is a potential bio-marker of nasal inflammation in non-smoking OSA patients.

Dataset Information

Lung function and exhaled nitric oxide in healthy unsedated African infants.

Background and objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Lung function and exhaled nitric oxide in healthy unsedated African infants.

Similar Datasets

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