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Analysis of glutathione S-transferase allergen cross-reactivity in a North American population: Relevance for molecular diagnosis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:It is not clear whether cross-reactivity or cosensitization to glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) occurs in tropical and subtropical environments. In the United States, Bla g 5 is the most important GST allergen and lack of coexposure to GSTs from certain species allows a better assessment of cross-reactivity. OBJECTIVES:To examine the molecular structure of GST allergens from cockroach (Bla g 5), dust mites (Der p 8 and Blo t 8), and helminth (Asc s 13) for potential cross-reactive sites, and to assess the IgE cross-reactivity of sensitized patients from a temperate climate for these allergens for molecular diagnostic purposes. METHODS:Four crystal structures were determined. Sera from patients allergic to cockroach and mite were tested for IgE reactivity to these GSTs. A panel of 6 murine anti-Bla g 5 mAb was assessed for cross-reactivity with the other 3 GSTs using antibody binding assays. RESULTS:Comparisons of the allergen structures, formed by 2-domain monomers that dimerize, revealed few contiguous regions of similar exposed residues, rendering cross-reactivity unlikely. Accordingly, anti-Bla g 5 or anti-Der p 8 IgE from North American patients did not recognize Der p 8 or Bla g 5, respectively, and neither showed binding to Blo t 8 or Asc s 13. A weaker binding of anti-Bla g 5 IgE to Der p 8 versus Bla g 5 (? 100-fold) was observed by inhibition assays, similar to a weak recognition of Der p 8 by anti-Bla g 5 mAb. Patients from tropical Colombia had IgE to all 4 GSTs. CONCLUSIONS:The lack of significant IgE cross-reactivity among the 4 GSTs is in agreement with the low shared amino acid identity at the molecular surface. Each GST is needed for accurate molecular diagnosis in different geographic areas.

SUBMITTER: Mueller GA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4624055 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Analysis of glutathione S-transferase allergen cross-reactivity in a North American population: Relevance for molecular diagnosis.

Mueller Geoffrey A GA Pedersen Lars C LC Glesner Jill J Edwards Lori L LL Zakzuk Josefina J London Robert E RE Arruda Luisa Karla LK Chapman Martin D MD Caraballo Luis L Pomés Anna A

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 20150428 5

<h4>Background</h4>It is not clear whether cross-reactivity or cosensitization to glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) occurs in tropical and subtropical environments. In the United States, Bla g 5 is the most important GST allergen and lack of coexposure to GSTs from certain species allows a better assessment of cross-reactivity.<h4>Objectives</h4>To examine the molecular structure of GST allergens from cockroach (Bla g 5), dust mites (Der p 8 and Blo t 8), and helminth (Asc s 13) for potential cr ...[more]

PMID: 25930195

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Project description:RationaleAsthma is a heterogeneous lung disorder characterized by airway inflammation and airway dysfunction, manifesting as hyperresponsiveness and obstruction. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) is a multifunctional phase II enzyme and regulator of stress-activated cellular signaling relevant to asthma pathobiology. A common homozygous deletion polymorphism of the GSTM1 gene eliminates enzyme activity.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of GSTM1 on airway inflammation and reactivity in adults with established atopic asthma in vivo.MethodsNineteen GSTM1 wild-type and eighteen GSTM1-null individuals with mild atopic asthma underwent methacholine and inhaled allergen challenges, and endobronchial allergen provocations through a bronchoscope.Measurements and main resultsThe influx of inflammatory cells, panels of cytokines and chemokines linked to asthmatic inflammation, F(2)-isoprostanes (markers of oxidative stress), and IgE were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at baseline and 24 hours after allergen instillation. Individuals with asthma with the GSTM1 wild-type genotype had greater baseline and allergen-provoked airway neutrophilia and concentrations of myeloperoxidase than GSTM1-null patients. In contrast, the eosinophilic inflammation was unaffected by GSTM1. The allergen-stimulated generation of acute-stress and proneutrophilic mediators, tumor necrosis factor-?, CXCL-8, IL-1?, and IL-6, was also greater in the GSTM1 wild-type patients. Moreover, post-allergen airway concentrations of IgE and neutrophil-generated mediators, matrix metalloproteinase-9, B-cell activating factor, transforming growth factor-?1, and elastase were higher in GSTM1 wild-type individuals with asthma. Total airway IgE correlated with B-cell activating factor concentrations. In contrast, levels of F(2)-isoprostane were comparable in both groups. Finally, GSTM1 wild-type individuals with asthma required lower threshold concentrations of allergen to produce bronchoconstriction.ConclusionsThe functional GSTM1 genotype promotes neutrophilic airway inflammation in humans with atopic asthma in vivo.

Project description:Glutathione S-transferase P1 is a Phase II cytoprotective and detoxifying enzyme that is widely expressed in human airways. The glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile105Val polymorphism has been linked with atopic disorders and asthma. Yet, little remains known about the regulation of allergic inflammation by glutathione S-transferase P1 in human asthmatics.To establish the effect of the glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile105Val polymorphism on allergen-induced airway inflammation and oxidant stress, and non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and reactivity to specific allergen in mild human atopic asthmatics in vivo.Five Val(105)/Val(105) , twelve Val(105)/Ile(105) and twenty Ile(105)/Ile(105) mild atopic asthmatics underwent methacholine challenge, inhaled allergen challenge and endobronchial allergen provocation through a bronchoscope. A panel of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, F2 -isoprostanes and isofuranes, markers of oxidative stress, thromboxane B2 and immunoglobulin E were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at baseline and 24 h after allergen instillation.Asthmatics with glutathione S-transferase P1 Val(105)/Val(105) compared with asthmatics with the glutathione S-transferase P1 Val(105)/Ile(105) and Ile(105)/Ile(105) had greater generation of acute phase cytokines (TNF-?, IL-6, CXCL8), IL-12, CCL11, thromboxane B2 and immunoglobulin E at 24 h after local allergen challenge. The GSTP1 genotype had no effect on airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and the reactivity to specific allergen.The glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile105Val polymorphism markedly modifies allergen-provoked airway inflammation in atopic asthmatics in vivo. Modulation of the biochemical milieu in response to allergen provides a mechanistic explanation for regulatory effects of glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphism on airway pathophysiology, and may guide improvement of future therapeutic methods in human atopic asthmatics. These findings must me confirmed in a larger study population of asthmatics with various ethnicities.

Dataset Information

Analysis of glutathione S-transferase allergen cross-reactivity in a North American population: Relevance for molecular diagnosis.

Publications

Analysis of glutathione S-transferase allergen cross-reactivity in a North American population: Relevance for molecular diagnosis.

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