Dataset Information

?-Tocopherol bioavailability is lower in adults with metabolic syndrome regardless of dairy fat co-ingestion: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

ABSTRACT: Increasing dietary fat intake is expected to improve ?-tocopherol bioavailability, which could be beneficial for improving ?-tocopherol status, especially in cohorts at high cardiometabolic risk who fail to meet dietary ?-tocopherol requirements.Our objective was to assess dose-dependent effects of dairy fat and metabolic syndrome (MetS) health status on ?-tocopherol pharmacokinetics in plasma and lipoproteins.A randomized, crossover, double-blind study was conducted in healthy and MetS adults (n = 10/group) who ingested encapsulated hexadeuterium-labeled (d6)-RRR-?-tocopherol (15 mg) with 240 mL nonfat (0.2 g fat), reduced-fat (4.8 g fat), or whole (7.9 g fat) milk before blood collection at regular intervals for 72 h.Compared with healthy participants, those with MetS had lower (P < 0.05) baseline plasma ?-tocopherol (?mol/mmol lipid) and greater oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein. Regardless of health status, d6-?-tocopherol bioavailability was unaffected by increasing amounts of dairy fat provided by milk beverages, but MetS participants had lower estimated d6-?-tocopherol absorption (±SEM) than did healthy participants (26.1% ± 1.0% compared with 29.5% ± 1.1%). They also had lower plasma d6-?-tocopherol AUC from 0 to 72 h, as well as maximal concentrations (Cmax: 2.04 ± 0.14 compared with 2.73 ± 0.18 ?mol/L) and slower rates of plasma disappearance but similar times to Cmax. MetS participants had lower d6-?-tocopherol AUC from t = 0-12 h (AUC0- t final) in lipoprotein fractions [chylomicron, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL, high-density lipoprotein]. Percentages of d6-?-tocopherol AUC0- t final in both the chylomicron (r = -0.46 to -0.52) and VLDL (r = -0.49 to -0.68) fractions were inversely correlated with oxidized LDL, IL-10, IL-6, and C-reactive protein.At dietary intakes equivalent to the Recommended Dietary Allowance, ?-tocopherol bioavailability is unaffected by dairy fat quantity but is lower in MetS adults, potentially because of greater inflammation and oxidative stress that limits small intestinal ?-tocopherol absorption and/or impairs hepatic ?-tocopherol trafficking. These findings support higher dietary ?-tocopherol requirements for MetS adults. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01787591.

SUBMITTER: Mah E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4625597 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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α-Tocopherol bioavailability is lower in adults with metabolic syndrome regardless of dairy fat co-ingestion: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

Mah Eunice E Sapper Teryn N TN Chitchumroonchokchai Chureeporn C Failla Mark L ML Schill Kevin E KE Clinton Steven K SK Bobe Gerd G Traber Maret G MG Bruno Richard S RS

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20151007 5

<h4>Background</h4>Increasing dietary fat intake is expected to improve α-tocopherol bioavailability, which could be beneficial for improving α-tocopherol status, especially in cohorts at high cardiometabolic risk who fail to meet dietary α-tocopherol requirements.<h4>Objective</h4>Our objective was to assess dose-dependent effects of dairy fat and metabolic syndrome (MetS) health status on α-tocopherol pharmacokinetics in plasma and lipoproteins.<h4>Design</h4>A randomized, crossover, double-bl ...[more]

PMID: 26447154

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Project description:Background: Vitamin E supplementation improves liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We reported previously that ?-tocopherol bioavailability in healthy adults is higher than in those with MetS, thereby suggesting that the latter group has increased requirements.Objective: We hypothesized that ?-tocopherol catabolites ?-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (?-CEHC) and ?-carboxymethylbutyl hydroxychromanol (?-CMBHC) are useful biomarkers of ?-tocopherol status.Design: Adults (healthy or with MetS; n = 10/group) completed a double-blind, crossover clinical trial with four 72-h interventions during which they co-ingested 15 mg hexadeuterium-labeled RRR-?-tocopherol (d6-?-T) with nonfat, reduced-fat, whole, or soy milk. During each intervention, we measured ?-CEHC and ?-CMBHC excretions in three 8-h urine collections (0-24 h) and plasma ?-tocopherol, ?-CEHC, and ?-CMBHC concentrations at various times ?72 h.Results: During the first 24 h, participants with MetS compared with healthy adults excreted 41% less ?-CEHC (all values are least-squares means ± SEMs: 0.6 ± 0.1 compared with 1.0 ± 0.1 ?mol/g creatinine, respectively; P = 0.002), 63% less hexadeuterium-labeled (d6)-?-CEHC (0.04 ± 0.02 compared with 0.13 ± 0.02 ?mol/g creatinine, respectively; P = 0.002), and 58% less d6-?-CMBHC (0.017 ± 0.004 compared with 0.041 ± 0.004 ?mol/g creatinine, respectively; P = 0.0009) and had 52% lower plasma d6-?-CEHC areas under the concentration curves [area under the curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24h): 27.7 ± 7.9 compared with 58.4 ± 7.9 nmol/L × h, respectively; P = 0.01]. d6-?-CEHC peaked before d6-?-T in 77 of 80 paired plasma concentration curves. Urinary d6-?-CEHC 24-h concentrations were associated with the plasma AUC0-24 h of d6-?-T (r = 0.53, P = 0.02) and d6-?-CEHC (r = 0.72, P = 0.0003), and with urinary d6-?-CMBHC (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001), and inversely with the plasma inflammation biomarkers C-reactive protein (r = -0.70, P = 0.0006), interleukin-10 (r = -0.59, P = 0.007), and interleukin-6 (r = -0.54, P = 0.01).Conclusion: Urinary ?-CEHC and ?-CMBHC are useful biomarkers to noninvasively assess ?-tocopherol adequacy, especially in populations with MetS-associated hepatic dysfunction that likely impairs ?-tocopherol trafficking. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01787591.

Project description:This study examined the effects of acute paraxanthine (PXN) ingestion on markers of cognition, executive function, and psychomotor vigilance. In a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, and counterbalanced manner, 13 healthy male and female participants were randomly assigned to consume a placebo (PLA) or 200 mg of PXN (ENFINITY™, Ingenious Ingredients, L.P.). Participants completed stimulant sensitivity and side effect questionnaires and then performed the Berg Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (BCST), the Go/No-Go test (GNG), the Sternberg task test (STT), and the psychomotor vigilance task test (PVTT). Participants then ingested one capsule of PLA or PXN treatment. Participants completed side effect and cognitive function tests after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after ingestion of the supplement. After 7 days, participants repeated the experiment while consuming the alternative treatment. Data were analyzed by general linear model (GLM) univariate analyses with repeated measures using body mass as a covariate, and by assessing mean and percent changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) expressed as means (LL, UL). PXN decreased BCST errors (PXN -4.7 [-0.2, -9.20], p = 0.04; PXN -17.5% [-36.1, 1.0], p = 0.06) and perseverative errors (PXN -2.2 [-4.2, -0.2], p = 0.03; PXN -32.8% [-64.4, 1.2], p = 0.04) at hour 6. GNG analysis revealed some evidence that PXN ingestion better maintained mean accuracy over time and Condition R Round 2 response time (e.g., PXN -25.1 [-52.2, 1.9] ms, p = 0.07 faster than PLA at 1 h), suggesting better sustained attention. PXN ingestion improved STT two-letter length absent and present reaction times over time as well as improving six-letter length absent reaction time after 2 h (PXN -86.5 ms [-165, -7.2], p = 0.03; PXN -9.0% [-18.1, 0.2], p = 0.05), suggesting that PXN enhanced the ability to store and retrieve random information of increasing complexity from short-term memory. A moderate treatment x time effect size (ηp2 = 0.08) was observed in PVTT, where PXN sustained vigilance during Trial 2 after 2 h (PXN 840 ms [103, 1576], p = 0.03) and 4 h (PXN 1466 ms [579, 2353], p = 0.002) compared to PL. As testing progressed, the response time improved during the 20 trials and over the course of the 6 h experiment in the PXN treatment, whereas it significantly increased in the PL group. The results suggest that acute PXN ingestion (200 mg) may affect some measures of short-term memory, reasoning, and response time to cognitive challenges and help sustain attention.

Project description:BackgroundAspartame is a commonly used intense artificial sweetener, being approximately 200 times sweeter than sucrose. There have been concerns over aspartame since approval in the 1980s including a large anecdotal database reporting severe symptoms. The objective of this study was to compare the acute symptom effects of aspartame to a control preparation.MethodsThis was a double-blind randomized cross over study conducted in a clinical research unit in United Kingdom. Forty-eight individual who has self reported sensitivity to aspartame were compared to 48 age and gender matched aspartame non-sensitive individuals. They were given aspartame (100mg)-containing or control snack bars randomly at least 7 days apart. The main outcome measures were acute effects of aspartame measured using repeated ratings of 14 symptoms, biochemistry and metabonomics.ResultsAspartame sensitive and non-sensitive participants differed psychologically at baseline in handling feelings and perceived stress. Sensitive participants had higher triglycerides (2.05 ± 1.44 vs. 1.26 ± 0.84mmol/L; p value 0.008) and lower HDL-C (1.16 ± 0.34 vs. 1.35 ± 0.54 mmol/L; p value 0.04), reflected in 1H NMR serum analysis that showed differences in the baseline lipid content between the two groups. Urine metabonomic studies showed no significant differences. None of the rated symptoms differed between aspartame and control bars, or between sensitive and control participants. However, aspartame sensitive participants rated more symptoms particularly in the first test session, whether this was placebo or control. Aspartame and control bars affected GLP-1, GIP, tyrosine and phenylalanine levels equally in both aspartame sensitive and non-sensitive subjects.ConclusionUsing a comprehensive battery of psychological tests, biochemistry and state of the art metabonomics there was no evidence of any acute adverse responses to aspartame. This independent study gives reassurance to both regulatory bodies and the public that acute ingestion of aspartame does not have any detectable psychological or metabolic effects in humans.Trial registrationISRCTN Registry ISRCTN39650237.

Project description:BackgroundPolymerized polyphenols (PP) found in oolong tea can inhibit pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and pilot work indicates that this may reduce postprandial lipemia. Since tea contains caffeine and catechins, the interactions between these ingredients and PP warrant investigation.ObjectivesTo assess whether PP ingested alone or with caffeine and catechins lowers postprandial lipemia.MethodsFifty healthy adults [mean (SD) age: 26 (7) y; BMI (in kg/m2): 24.0 (2.7); female: n = 16] completed 4 oral lipid tolerance tests in a placebo-controlled randomized, crossover design. Participants ingested 40 g of fat with either 1) placebo, 2) 100 mg PP, 3) 150 mg PP, or 4) 100 mg PP plus 50 mg caffeine and 63 mg catechins (PP + CC). Blood was sampled for 3 h postprandially to assess concentrations of serum and plasma triacylglycerol and plasma markers of lipid (NEFA; glycerol; LDL and HDL cholesterol; and ApoA-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E) and glucose metabolism (glucose, insulin, and C-peptide).ResultsSerum and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and lipid metabolism variables generally increased following any test drink ingestion (main effect of time, p < 0.001). Nevertheless, for the lipid metabolism responses, there were no statistically significant condition-time interactions and no statistically significant differences in incremental or total area under the curve between conditions, apart from HDL cholesterol (p = 0.021). Ingesting 100 mg PP + CC lowered peak plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations compared with all other conditions 30 min postingestion (p < 0.001), with persistent alterations in glucose concentrations observed for 90 min compared with placebo and 100 mg PP conditions.ConclusionsPP ingested at doses ≤150 mg does not clearly alter early-phase postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations in healthy adults, irrespective of the presence or absence of caffeine and catechins. Nevertheless, caffeine and catechins added to PP lowered postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03324191 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03324191).

Dataset Information

?-Tocopherol bioavailability is lower in adults with metabolic syndrome regardless of dairy fat co-ingestion: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

Publications

α-Tocopherol bioavailability is lower in adults with metabolic syndrome regardless of dairy fat co-ingestion: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

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