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Anisotropic in-plane thermal conductivity observed in few-layer black phosphorus.

ABSTRACT: Black phosphorus has been revisited recently as a new two-dimensional material showing potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Here we report the anisotropic in-plane thermal conductivity of suspended few-layer black phosphorus measured by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The armchair and zigzag thermal conductivities are ?20 and ?40?W?m(-1)?K(-1) for black phosphorus films thicker than 15?nm, respectively, and decrease to ?10 and ?20?W?m(-1)?K(-1) as the film thickness is reduced, exhibiting significant anisotropy. The thermal conductivity anisotropic ratio is found to be ?2 for thick black phosphorus films and drops to ?1.5 for the thinnest 9.5-nm-thick film. Theoretical modelling reveals that the observed anisotropy is primarily related to the anisotropic phonon dispersion, whereas the intrinsic phonon scattering rates are found to be similar along the armchair and zigzag directions. Surface scattering in the black phosphorus films is shown to strongly suppress the contribution of long mean-free-path acoustic phonons.

SUBMITTER: Luo Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4634212 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Anisotropic in-plane thermal conductivity observed in few-layer black phosphorus.

Luo Zhe Z Maassen Jesse J Deng Yexin Y Du Yuchen Y Garrelts Richard P RP Lundstrom Mark S MS Ye Peide D PD Xu Xianfan X

Nature communications 20151016

Black phosphorus has been revisited recently as a new two-dimensional material showing potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Here we report the anisotropic in-plane thermal conductivity of suspended few-layer black phosphorus measured by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The armchair and zigzag thermal conductivities are ∼20 and ∼40 W m(-1) K(-1) for black phosphorus films thicker than 15 nm, respectively, and decrease to ∼10 and ∼20 W m(-1) K(-1) as the film thickness is reduced, e ...[more]

PMID: 26472191

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Project description:The usage of flame retardants in flammable polymers has been an effective way to protect both lives and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus flame retardants have the potential to be follow-on flame retardants after halogenated variants, because of their low toxicity, high efficiency and compatibility. Recently, the emerging allotrope of phosphorus, two-dimensional black phosphorus, as a flame retardant has been developed. To further understand its performance in flame-retardant efficiency among phosphorus flame retardants, in this work, we built model materials to compare the flame-retardant performances of few-layer black phosphorus, red phosphorus nanoparticles, and triphenyl phosphate as flame-retardant additives in cellulose and polyacrylonitrile. Aside from the superior flame retardancy in polyacrylonitrile, few-layer black phosphorus in cellulose showed the superior flame-retardant efficiency in self-extinguishing, ~1.8 and ~4.4 times that of red phosphorus nanoparticles and triphenyl phosphate with similar lateral size and mass load (2.5~4.8 wt%), respectively. The char layer in cellulose coated with the few-layer black phosphorus after combustion was more continuous and smoother than that with red phosphorus nanoparticles, triphenyl phosphate and blank, and the amount of residues of cellulose coated with the few-layer black phosphorus in thermogravimetric analysis were 10 wt%, 14 wt% and 14 wt% more than that with red phosphorus nanoparticles, triphenyl phosphate and blank, respectively. In addition, although exothermic reactions, the combustion enthalpy changes in the few-layer black phosphorus (-127.1 kJ mol-1) are one third of that of red phosphorus nanoparticles (-381.3 kJ mol-1). Based on a joint thermodynamic, spectroscopic, and microscopic analysis, the superior flame retardancy of the few-layer black phosphorus was attributed to superior combustion reaction suppression from the two-dimensional structure and thermal nature of the few-layer black phosphorus.

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Anisotropic in-plane thermal conductivity observed in few-layer black phosphorus.

Publications

Anisotropic in-plane thermal conductivity observed in few-layer black phosphorus.

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