Dataset Information

Socioeconomic Disparities and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objectives

Study of the impact of socioeconomic status on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and severe intellectual disabilities (ID) has yielded conflicting results. Recent European studies suggested that, unlike reports from the United States, low socioeconomic status is associated with an increased risk of ASD. For intellectual disabilities, the links with socioeconomic status vary according to the severity. We wished to clarify the links between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of ASD (with or without ID) and isolated severe ID.

Methods

500 children with ASD and 245 children with severe ID (IQ <50) aged 8 years, born 1995 to 2004, were recruited from a French population-based registry. Inclusions were based on clinical diagnoses reported in medical records according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Socioeconomic status was measured by indicators available at block census level which characterize the population of the child's area of residence. Measures of deprivation, employment, occupation, education, immigration and family structure were used. Prevalences were compared between groups of census units defined by the tertiles of socioeconomic level in the general population.

Results

Prevalence of ASD with associated ID was higher in areas with the highest level of deprivation and the highest percentage of unemployed adults, persons with no diploma, immigrants and single-parent families. No association was found when using occupational class. Regarding ASD without associated ID, a higher prevalence was found in areas with the highest percentage of immigrants. No association was found for other socioeconomic indicators. The prevalence of isolated severe ID was likely to be higher in the most disadvantaged groups defined by all indicators.

Conclusion

The prevalence of ASD with associated ID and of severe isolated ID is more likely to be higher in areas with the highest level of deprivation.

SUBMITTER: Delobel-Ayoub M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4635003 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Socioeconomic Disparities and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability.

Delobel-Ayoub Malika M Ehlinger Virginie V Klapouszczak Dana D Maffre Thierry T Raynaud Jean-Philippe JP Delpierre Cyrille C Arnaud Catherine C

PloS one 20151105 11

<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Study of the impact of socioeconomic status on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and severe intellectual disabilities (ID) has yielded conflicting results. Recent European studies suggested that, unlike reports from the United States, low socioeconomic status is associated with an increased risk of ASD. For intellectual disabilities, the links with socioeconomic status vary according to the severity. We wished to clarify the links between socioeconomic status and ...[more]

PMID: 26540408

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Project description:BackgroundMaternal diabetes has been associated with a risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in offspring, though the common co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intellectual disability (ID) is rarely considered, nor is the potential for confounding by shared familial factors (e.g. genetics).MethodsThis population-based cohort study used data from Psychiatry Sweden, a linkage of Swedish national registers, to follow 2 369 680 individuals born from 1987 to 2010. We used population-averaged logit models to examine the association between exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), pre-gestational type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and odds of NDDs in offspring. Subgroup analysis was then performed to investigate the timings of GDM diagnosis during pregnancy and its effect on the odds of NDDs in offspring. We compared these results to models considering paternal lifetime T1DM and T2DM as exposures.ResultsOverall, 45 678 individuals (1.93%) were diagnosed with ASD, 20 823 (0.88%) with ID and 102 018 (4.31%) with ADHD. All types of maternal diabetes were associated with odds of NDDs, with T2DM most strongly associated with any diagnosis of ASD (odds ratioadjusted 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.84), ID (2.09, 1.53-2.87) and ADHD (1.43, 1.16-1.77). Considering common co-morbid groups, the associations were strongest between maternal diabetes and diagnostic combinations that included ID. Paternal T1DM and T2DM diagnoses were also associated with offspring NDDs, but these associations were weaker than those with maternal diabetes. Diagnosis of GDM between 27 and 30 weeks of gestation was generally associated with the greatest risk of NDDs in offspring, with the strongest associations for outcomes that included ID.ConclusionThe association of maternal diabetes with NDDs in offspring varies depending on the co-morbid presentation of the NDDs, with the greatest odds associated with outcomes that included ID. Results of paternal-comparison studies suggest that the above associations are likely to be partly confounded by shared familial factors, such as genetic liability.

Project description:ImportanceDepression is a frequently occurring mental disorder and may be common in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but there is a lack of longitudinal population-based studies examining this association. Whether any increased risk of depression in ASD has a shared familial basis and whether it differs by co-occurring intellectual disability is not well known.ObjectivesTo examine whether individuals with ASD are more likely to be diagnosed as having depression in adulthood than the general population and their nonautistic siblings and to investigate whether these risks differ by the presence or absence of intellectual disability.Design, setting, and participantsPopulation-based cohort study with a nested sibling comparison. The Stockholm Youth Cohort is a total population record linkage study that includes all children and young people (age range, 0-17 years) who were ever resident in Stockholm County, Sweden, between January 2001 and December 2011 (n?=?735?096). Data analysis was conducted between January 5 and November 30, 2017, in Stockholm County, Sweden.Main outcomes and measuresClinical diagnosis of depressive disorders was identified using the Stockholm County Adult Psychiatric Outpatient Register and the Swedish National Patient Register.ResultsParticipants were 223?842 individuals followed up to age 27 years by 2011, of whom 4073 had diagnosed ASD (mean [SD] age, 21.5 [2.7] years; 65.9% male; 2927 without intellectual disability and 1146 with intellectual disability) and 219?769 had no ASD (mean [SD] age, 22.1 [2.8] years; 50.9% male). By age 27 years, 19.8% (n?=?808) of individuals diagnosed having ASD had a diagnosis of depression compared with 6.0% (n?=?13?114) of the general population (adjusted relative risk [RR], 3.64; 95% CI, 3.41-3.88). The risk of a depression diagnosis was higher in ASD without intellectual disability (adjusted RR, 4.28; 95% CI, 4.00-4.58) than in ASD with intellectual disability (adjusted RR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.51-2.17). Nonautistic full-siblings (adjusted RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.23-1.53) and half-siblings (adjusted RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.23-1.64) of individuals with ASD also had a higher risk of depression than the general population. Compared with their nonautistic full-siblings, individuals with ASD had more than a 2-fold risk of a depression diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.91-3.27) in young adulthood.Conclusions and relevanceAccording to this study's results, ASD, particularly ASD without intellectual disability, is associated with depression by young adulthood compared with the general population. It appears that this association is unlikely to be explained by shared familial liability. Future research to identify modifiable pathways between ASD and depression may assist in the development of preventive interventions.

Dataset Information

Socioeconomic Disparities and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability.

Background and objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Socioeconomic Disparities and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability.

Similar Datasets

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