Association among smoking, depression, and anxiety: findings from a representative sample of Korean adolescents.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Byeon H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4636397 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:A cohort of adolescents and young adults took part in this longitudinal 5-year follow-up study. We selected four groups of subjects from the same community sample carefully paired by age and gender: (1) Typically Developing Adolescent (n=14); (2) Incident Anxiety Disorder (n=11); (3) Persistent Anxiety Disorder (n=14); (4) Remittent Anxiety Disorder (n=8).
2016-03-08 | GSE78975 | GEO
Project description:Many studies report a positive association between smoking and mental illness. However, the literature remains mixed regarding the direction of this association. We therefore conducted a systematic review evaluating the association of smoking and depression and/or anxiety in longitudinal studies.Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and were included if they: (1) used human participants, (2) were longitudinal, (3) reported primary data, (4) had smoking as an exposure and depression and/or anxiety as an outcome, or (5) had depression and/or anxiety as the exposure and smoking as an outcome.Outcomes from 148 studies were categorized into: smoking onset, smoking status, smoking heaviness, tobacco dependence, and smoking trajectory. The results for each category varied substantially, with evidence for positive associations in both directions (smoking to later mental health and mental health to later smoking) as well as null findings. Overall, nearly half the studies reported that baseline depression/anxiety was associated with some type of later smoking behavior, while over a third found evidence that a smoking exposure was associated with later depression/anxiety. However, there were few studies directly supporting a bidirectional model of smoking and anxiety, and very few studies reporting null results.The literature on the prospective association between smoking and depression and anxiety is inconsistent in terms of the direction of association most strongly supported. This suggests the need for future studies that employ different methodologies, such as Mendelian randomization (MR), which will allow us to draw stronger causal inferences.We systematically reviewed longitudinal studies on the association of different aspects of smoking behavior with depression and anxiety. The results varied considerably, with evidence for smoking both associated with subsequent depression and anxiety, and vice versa. Few studies supported a bidirectional relationship, or reported null results, and no clear patterns by gender, ethnicity, clinical status, length to follow-up, or diagnostic test. Suggesting that despite advantages of longitudinal studies, they cannot alone provide strong evidence of causality. Therefore, future studies investigating this association should employ different methods allowing for stronger causal inferences to be made, such as MR.
| S-EPMC5157710 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Country-level epidemiological data about alcohol-related problems is useful for planning prevention and treatment services. Heavy Alcohol Consumption (HAC) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) are two syndromes of alcohol-related problems that have been recognized worldwide. Study of the epidemiological determinants of HAC and AUD in different sociocultural contexts could inform hypotheses about the etiology or the consequences of alcohol-related problems. Objectives:We assessed the prevalence and associations of HAC and AUD with sociodemographic variables adjusting for common mental disorders in a representative sample of the general population of Greece (N = 4894 participants). The period of data collection just preceded the emergence of the financial crisis in Greece. Results:The majority of the population did not report HAC, AUD or abstinence from alcohol. HAC was reported by 12.7% (95% CI: 11.8-13.6) of the population while 3.1% (95% CI: 2.7-3.6) met criteria for AUD. Younger age, divorce, lower educational level, living in an urban area, physical health problems, and smoking were associated with a higher prevalence of both conditions. Presence of severe financial difficulties and never married family status were associated with a higher prevalence of HAC but not AUD. HAC was associated with nonspecific psychiatric morbidity while AUD was associated with more specific psychiatric disorders. Conclusion/Importance. Both alcohol-related problems are frequent in the general population and have common and distinct determinants. The comparison between the findings of our study and those of similar studies during or after the period of financial austerity in Greece, would offer the opportunity to assess the possible effects of changes in the economical context in the determinants of alcohol-related problems.
| S-EPMC7035575 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceDespite long-standing interest in the association of psychiatric disorders with intelligence, few population-based studies of psychiatric disorders have assessed intelligence.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of fluid intelligence with past-year and lifetime psychiatric disorders, disorder age at onset, and disorder severity in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents.Design, setting, and participantsNational sample of adolescents ascertained from schools and households from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement, collected 2001 through 2004. Face-to-face household interviews with adolescents and questionnaires from parents were obtained. The data were analyzed from February to December 2016. DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and included a broad range of fear, distress, behavior, substance use, and other disorders. Disorder severity was measured with the Sheehan Disability Scale.Main outcomes and measuresFluid IQ measured with the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, normed within the sample by 6-month age groups.ResultsThe sample included 10 073 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.2 [1.50] years; 49.0% female) with valid data on fluid intelligence. Lower mean (SE) IQ was observed among adolescents with past-year bipolar disorder (94.2 [1.69]; P = .004), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (96.3 [0.91]; P = .002), oppositional defiant disorder (97.3 [0.66]; P = .007), conduct disorder (97.1 [0.82]; P = .02), substance use disorders (alcohol abuse, 96.5 [0.67]; P < .001; drug abuse, 97.6 [0.64]; P = .02), and specific phobia (97.1 [0.39]; P = .001) after adjustment for a wide range of potential confounders. Intelligence was not associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, and anxiety disorders other than specific phobia, and was positively associated with past-year major depression (mean [SE], 100 [0.5]; P = .01). Associations of fluid intelligence with lifetime disorders that had remitted were attenuated compared with past-year disorders, with the exception of separation anxiety disorder. Multiple past-year disorders had a larger proportion of adolescents less than 1 SD below the mean IQ range than those without a disorder. Across disorders, higher disorder severity was associated with lower fluid intelligence. For example, among adolescents with specific phobia, those with severe disorder had a mean (SE) of 4.4 (0.72) points lower IQ than those without severe disorder (P < .001), and those with alcohol abuse had a mean (SE) of 5.6 (1.2) points lower IQ than those without severe disorder (P < .001).Conclusions and relevanceNumerous psychiatric disorders were associated with reductions in fluid intelligence; associations were generally small in magnitude. Stronger associations of current than past disorders with intelligence suggest that active symptoms of psychiatric disorders interfere with cognitive functioning. Early identification and treatment of children with mental disorders in school settings is critical to promote academic achievement and long-term success.
| S-EPMC5288266 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionPerceived risk of smoking is associated with smoking status, interest in quitting, quit attempts, and sustained quitting. Tracking and reporting of risk perceptions is integral to inform regulation and education. However, no research describes temporal changes in perceived great risk of smoking in the U.S. using nationally representative data.MethodsData came from the 2006-2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Time trends were assessed for the population overall, stratified by smoking status and by sociodemographic characteristics. Linear time trends of perceived great risk (versus other risk) were assessed using logistic regression, with survey year as the predictor.ResultsPerceived great risk of smoking declined significantly among the entire population between 2006 and 2015 (73.89% versus 72.89%). Perceived great risk also decreased among all smoking statuses: daily (51.16% versus 48.19%), non-daily (64.12% versus 58.44%, former (79.57% versus 77.12%), and non-smokers (79.32% versus 77.10%). The prevalence of perceived great risk declined between 2006 and 2015 among both males and females; the rate of decline was more rapid among females (aOR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97, 0.98 versus aOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98, 0.99). Older age, African American and Hispanic race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and non-daily, former, and never smoking statuses were positively associated with perceived great risk of smoking.DiscussionPerceived risk of smoking has declined over a 10-year period in the U.S. Declines in perceived risk indicate the need for innovative interventions to reinforce the harms associated with smoking. Differential rates of decline among males and females indicate the need for sex-specific interventions.
| S-EPMC5889731 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: It is well-established that smoking and depression are associated in adolescents, but the temporal ordering of the association is subject to debate. METHODS: Longitudinal studies in English language which reported the onset of smoking on depression in non clinical populations (age 13-19) published between January 1990 and July 2008 were selected from PubMed, OVID, and PsychInfo databases. Study characteristics were extracted. Meta-analytic pooling procedures with random effects were used. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were retained for analysis. The pooled estimate for smoking predicting depression in 6 studies was 1.73 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.40; p < 0.001). The pooled estimate for depression predicting smoking in 12 studies was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.63; p < 0.001). Studies that used clinical measures of depression were more likely to report a bidirectional effect, with a stronger effect of depression predicting smoking. CONCLUSION: Evidence from longitudinal studies suggests that the association between smoking and depression is bidirectional. To better estimate these effects, future research should consider the potential utility of: (a) shorter intervals between surveys with longer follow-up time, (b) more accurate measurement of depression, and (c) adequate control of confounding.
| S-EPMC2758872 | biostudies-other
Project description:During the last two decades, adolescent obesity has increased in western countries. In Iran-as a developing country- the prevalence of obesity is raised among youngsters as well. This study conducted to identify an association of adolescents' loneliness, self-confidence and relationship with others in home and school environment with their weight status.In this cross-sectional national survey, 5682 students aged 10-18 years from urban and rural districts of 27 provinces of Iran were selected via stratified multi-stage sampling method. Data on psychological problems of students was gathered through a questionnaire. Height, weight, and waist circumferences were measured according to standard protocols. Body mass index (BMI) and waist- to-height ratio was calculated.Boys which did not have best friends, spend time with their friends after school or get acceptance from them, had higher BMI than others. Only girls who did not spend time with their friends had higher BMI (19.48 ± 4.28) vs. (19.09 ± 3.92) and WC (71.04 ± 21.29) vs. (69.15 ± 17.43) than others, P < 0.05. In both sexes, adolescents who had sense of pressure about doing homework or had difficulties in relationship with their parents had higher BMI and WC values. Girls who reported being victim of violent behaviors (being bullied), had lower BMI compared to others. Risk of being overweight and obese, but not abdominal obese was statistically higher in adolescents not having close friends (OR = 1.81, CI: 1.11-2.95). Lack of self-confidence increased only the risk of obesity in teens (OR = 1033, CI: 1.09-1.64).Our findings suggest that strategies for prevention of overweight and obesity in adolescent should be taking into account a deeper knowledge of psychosocial issues due to be able to design more effective programs for treating overweight teens.
| S-EPMC4888475 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectivesTo examine the association between cigarette smoke exposure and depression among Korean adolescents using the seventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA nationally representative sample of middle and high school students across South Korea.Participants75 643 eligible participants across the country.Primary outcome measuresCurrent smoking, secondhand smoke exposure and depression.MethodologyData were analysed from a nationally representative survey of 75 643 participants (37 873 men and 37 770 women). Data were gathered on extensive information including current smoking, secondhand smoke exposure and depression in adolescence. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between current smoking, secondhand smoke exposure and depression in Korean adolescents.ResultsAmong those who had never smoked, secondhand smoke exposure was positively associated with depression in male and female adolescents in a dose-response relation (OR 1.27, OR 1.52 in males; OR 1.25, OR 1.72 in females). Similar associations were observed among currently smoking men and women in a dose-response manner (OR 1.29, OR 1.55 in males; OR 1.22, OR 1.41 in females). These significant trends were consistently observed even after adjustments.ConclusionsWe suggested that current smoking and secondhand smoke exposure were positively associated with depression in male and female adolescents. Efforts to encourage no smoking and no secondhand smoke exposure will be established for adolescents.
| S-EPMC3918992 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCOVID-19 has had a worldwide economic impact. A decline in family financial level can adversely affect adolescents' mental health. This study examined the association between perceived family financial decline due to COVID-19 and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among South Korean adolescents.MethodsData from 54,948 middle and high school students from the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey were collected in this cross-sectional study. The effect of the perceived family financial decline due to COVID-19 related to GAD was analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression.ResultsThe relationship between perceived family financial decline due to COVID-19 and GAD was linear with increasing odds ratios and confidence intervals (the possibility of GAD, no financial decline: OR 1.00, mild: OR 1.11, CI 1.05-1.17, moderate: OR 1.30, CI 1.22-1.39, severe: OR 1.48, CI 1.34-1.63). Girls, low-income class, and living with family were vulnerable to GAD. GAD levels of mild, moderate, and severe were most likely to occur in each case of mild, moderate, and severe financial decline, respectively.LimitationsAs this is a cross-sectional study, causality is unknown. Because this study data was self-reported by adolescents, they may have been overestimated or underestimated.ConclusionGAD in adolescents is closely related to perceived decreased family finances due to COVID-19. The dose-response of GAD according to financial decline became gradually severe. Anxious adolescents were afraid of uncertain and adverse outcomes affecting them or their families. Therefore, there is a vital need to care for financially affected adolescents.
| S-EPMC9055418 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: School violence is widely acknowledged as a public health problem with considerable consequences on student learning and social development. There are also a wide range of health consequences. A large share of previous research on school violence has focused on populations in the global north, with significant gaps in the state of knowledge in the world's emerging economies. To this end, the present study provides an examination of correlates for school-based violence in Chile using a nationally representative cohort. Methods: Six independent variables were considered (age, sex, physical activity, sedentary life style, bullying victimization, food insecurity) within a logistic regression model to ascertain the strength and direction of associations with physical fighting. Results: Among the surveyed students, ~13.08% reported being involved in two or more physical fights during the twelve month recall period. Males were significantly over represented among those reporting being involved in a fight OR 2.91 (CI = 1.98-4.27). Those who reported experiencing food insecurity were 5.29 (CI = 1.43-19.50) times more likely to have been involved in a physical fight. Students who reported being bullied were 2.41 (CI = 1.67-3.47) times more likely to have been involved in physical fights. While age provided protection from involvement in physical fights with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.91 (CI = 0.84-0.98). Conclusion: Consistent with previous research, our results suggest that the use of school-based interventions that target multiple risk behaviors may be helpful in reducing rates of physical fighting.
| S-EPMC7054283 | biostudies-literature