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Functional System and Areal Organization of a Highly Sampled Individual Human Brain.

ABSTRACT: Resting state functional MRI (fMRI) has enabled description of group-level functional brain organization at multiple spatial scales. However, cross-subject averaging may obscure patterns of brain organization specific to each individual. Here, we characterized the brain organization of a single individual repeatedly measured over more than a year. We report a reproducible and internally valid subject-specific areal-level parcellation that corresponds with subject-specific task activations. Highly convergent correlation network estimates can be derived from this parcellation if sufficient data are collected-considerably more than typically acquired. Notably, within-subject correlation variability across sessions exhibited a heterogeneous distribution across the cortex concentrated in visual and somato-motor regions, distinct from the pattern of intersubject variability. Further, although the individual's systems-level organization is broadly similar to the group, it demonstrates distinct topological features. These results provide a foundation for studies of individual differences in cortical organization and function, especially for special or rare individuals. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

SUBMITTER: Laumann TO

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4642864 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Functional System and Areal Organization of a Highly Sampled Individual Human Brain.

Laumann Timothy O TO Gordon Evan M EM Adeyemo Babatunde B Snyder Abraham Z AZ Joo Sung Jun SJ Chen Mei-Yen MY Gilmore Adrian W AW McDermott Kathleen B KB Nelson Steven M SM Dosenbach Nico U F NU Schlaggar Bradley L BL Mumford Jeanette A JA Poldrack Russell A RA Petersen Steven E SE

Neuron 20150723 3

Resting state functional MRI (fMRI) has enabled description of group-level functional brain organization at multiple spatial scales. However, cross-subject averaging may obscure patterns of brain organization specific to each individual. Here, we characterized the brain organization of a single individual repeatedly measured over more than a year. We report a reproducible and internally valid subject-specific areal-level parcellation that corresponds with subject-specific task activations. Highl ...[more]

PMID: 26212711

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Project description:Radiation therapy (RT) plays a vital role in the treatment of brain cancers, but it frequently results in cognitive decline in the patients who receive it. Because the underlying mechanisms for this decline remain poorly understood, the brain is typically treated as a single, uniform volume when evaluating the toxic effects of RT plans. This ignorance represents a significant deficit in the field of radiation oncology, as the technology exists to manipulate dose distributions to spare regions of the brain, but there exists no body of knowledge regarding what is critical to spare. This deficit exists due to the numerous confounding factors that are frequently associated with radiotherapy, including the tumors themselves, other treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy, and dose gradients across the brain. Here, we present a case in which a 57-year-old male patient received a uniform dose of radiation across the whole brain, did not receive concurrent chemotherapy, had minimal surgical intervention and a small tumor burden, and received resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans both before and after RT. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the effects of whole-brain radiotherapy on functional network organization, and this patient's treatment regimen represents a rare and non-replicable opportunity to isolate the effects of radiation on functional connectivity. We observed substantial changes in the subject's behavior and functional network organization over a 12-month timeframe. Interestingly, the homogenous radiation dose to the brain had a heterogeneous effect on cortical networks, and the functional networks most affected correspond with observed cognitive behavioral deficits. This novel study suggests that the cognitive decline that occurs after whole-brain radiation therapy may be network specific and related to the disruption of large-scale distributed functional systems, and it indicates that fMRI is a promising avenue of study for optimizing cognitive outcomes after RT.

Dataset Information

Functional System and Areal Organization of a Highly Sampled Individual Human Brain.

Publications

Functional System and Areal Organization of a Highly Sampled Individual Human Brain.

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