Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome associated with Russell Silver syndrome.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Augustine EF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4643854 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome associated with Russell Silver syndrome.
Augustine Erika F EF Blackburn Joanna J Pellegrino Joan E JE Miller Ryan R Mink Jonathan W JW
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20130523 6
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6592828 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Myoclonus-dystonia (M-D) is a movement disorder that is often associated with mutations in epsilon-sarcoglycan (SGCE), a maternally imprinted gene at 7q21.3. We report a 24-year-old male with short stature (<5th percentile) and a movement disorder clinically consistent with M-D. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array did not identify significant copy number changes, but revealed three long continuous stretches of homozygosity on chromosome 7 suggestive of uniparental disomy. Parental SNP arrays confirmed that the proband had maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (mUPD7) with regions of heterodisomy and isodisomy. mUPD7 is the cause of approximately 5-10% of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), a disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Although SRS was not suspected in our patient, these findings explain his short stature. SGCE methylation testing showed loss of the unmethylated paternal allele. Our findings provide a unifying diagnosis for his short stature and M-D and help to optimize his medication regimen. In conclusion, we show that M-D is a clinical feature that may be associated with SRS due to mUPD7. Individuals with mUPD7 should be monitored for the development of movement disorders. Conversely, individuals with M-D and short stature should be evaluated for SRS.
| S-EPMC3657309 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMany cases of myoclonus-dystonia (M-D) are due to mutations in SGCE (DYT11). For the majority of patients, myoclonus is relatively more severe than dystonia and can lead to significant functional disability. Deep brain stimulation has been chosen as a treatment option in some patients given that M-D often responds poorly to oral pharmacotherapy.MethodsTwo siblings with M-D due to the same SGCE deletion mutation were evaluated with the Global Dystonia Rating Scale (GDRS), Fahn-Marsden Rating Scale (FM) and Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale (UMRS) on and off tetrabenazine.ResultsBoth subjects showed marked improvement in myoclonus and mild-to-moderate improvement in dystonia with tetrabenazine. In addition, the response to tetrabenazine has been sustained for years.ConclusionsA therapeutic trial of tetrabenazine should be considered in patients with M-D, especially before consideration of deep brain stimulation. An adequately powered multi-center, double-blind study of tetrabenazine will be required to determine the relative contributions of tetrabenazine therapy to myoclonus, dystonia, quality of life, and activities of daily living in patients with M-D.
| S-EPMC4254189 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Genomewide methylation analysis in Silver Russell syndrome patients compared to healthy controls
2015-01-12 | GSE55491 | GEO
Project description:Genomewide methylation analysis in Silver Russell syndrome patients compared to healthy controls Bisulphite converted DNA from the 24 samples were hybridised to the Illumina Infinium 450k Human Methylation Beadchip
2015-01-12 | E-GEOD-55491 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:ObjectiveTo present a new family with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency (THD) that presented with a new phenotype of predominant, levodopa-responsive myoclonus with dystonia due to compound heterozygosity of one previously reported mutation in the promoter region and a novel nonsynonymous mutation in the other allele, thus expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of this disorder.MethodsWe performed detailed clinical examination of the family and electrophysiology to characterize the myoclonus. We performed analysis of the TH gene and in silico prediction of the possible effect of nonsynonymous substitutions on protein structure.ResultsElectrophysiology suggested that the myoclonus was of subcortical origin. Genetic analysis of the TH gene revealed compound heterozygosity of a point mutation in the promoter region (c.1-71 C>T) and a novel nonsynonymous substitution in exon 12 (c.1282G>A, p.Gly428Arg). The latter is a novel variant, predicted to have a deleterious effect on the TH protein function and is the first pathogenic TH mutation in patients of African ancestry.ConclusionWe presented a THD family with predominant myoclonus-dystonia and a new genotype. It is important to consider THD in the differential diagnosis of myoclonus-dystonia, because early treatment with levodopa is crucial for these patients.
| S-EPMC3405253 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Using exome sequencing and linkage analysis in a three-generation family with a unique dominant myoclonus-dystonia-like syndrome with cardiac arrhythmias, we identified a mutation in the CACNA1B gene, coding for neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels CaV2.2. This mutation (c.4166G>A;p.Arg1389His) is a disruptive missense mutation in the outer region of the ion pore. The functional consequences of the identified mutation were studied using whole-cell and single-channel patch recordings. High-resolution analyses at the single-channel level showed that, when open, R1389H CaV2.2 channels carried less current compared with WT channels. Other biophysical channel properties were unaltered in R1389H channels including ion selectivity, voltage-dependent activation or voltage-dependent inactivation. CaV2.2 channels regulate transmitter release at inhibitory and excitatory synapses. Functional changes could be consistent with a gain-of-function causing the observed hyperexcitability characteristic of this unique myoclonus-dystonia-like syndrome associated with cardiac arrhythmias.
| S-EPMC4817404 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSilver-Russel syndrome (SRS) is a congenital disorder which is mainly characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, relative macrocephaly, and characteristic (facial) dysmorphisms. The majority of patients shows a hypomethylation of the imprinting center region 1 (IC1) in 11p15 and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat), but in addition a broad spectrum of copy number variations (CNVs) and monogenetic variants (SNVs) has been reported in this cohort. These heterogeneous findings reflect the clinical overlap of SRS with other congenital disorders, but some of the CNVs are recurrent and have therefore been suggested as SRS-associated loci. However, this molecular heterogeneity makes the decision on the diagnostic workup of patients with SRS features challenging.Case presentationA girl with clinical features of SRS but negatively tested for the IC1 hypomethylation and upd(7)mat was analyzed by whole genome sequencing in order to address both CNVs and SNVs in the same run. We identified a 11p13 microduplication affecting a region overlapping with a variant reported in a previously published patient with clinical features of Silver-Russel syndrome.ConclusionsThe identification of a 11p13 microduplication in a patient with SRS features confirms the considerable contribution of CNVs to SRS-related phenotypes, and it strengthens the evidence for a 11p13 microduplication syndrome as a differential diagnosis SRS. Furthermore, we could confirm that WGS is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with SRS and related disorders, as it allows CNVs and SNV detection in the same run, thereby avoiding a time-consuming diagnostic testing process.
| S-EPMC10941370 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Imprinted genes with a parent-of-origin specific expression are involved in various aspects of growth that are rooted in the prenatal period. Therefore it is predictable that many of the so far known congenital imprinting disorders (IDs) are clinically characterised by growth disturbances. A noteable imprinting disorder is Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), a congenital disease characterised by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, relative macrocephaly, a typical triangular face, asymmetry and further less characteristic features. However, the clinical spectrum is broad and the clinical diagnosis often subjective. Genetic and epigenetic disturbances can meanwhile be detected in approximately 50% of patients with typical SRS features. Nearly one tenth of patients carry a maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD(7)mat), more than 38% show a hypomethylation in the imprinting control region 1 in 11p15. More than 1% of patients show (sub)microscopic chromosomal aberrations. Interestingly, in approximately 7% of 11p15 hypomethylation carriers, demethylation of other imprinted loci can be detected. Clinically, these patients do not differ from those with isolated 11p15 hypomethylation whereas the UPD(7)mat patients generally show a milder phenotype. However, an unambiguous (epi)genotype-phenotype correlation can not be delineated.We therefore suggest a diagnostic algorithm focused on the 11p15 hypomethylation, UPD(7)mat and cryptic chromosomal imbalances for patients with typical SRS phenotype, but also with milder clinical signs only reminiscent for the disease.
| S-EPMC2907323 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterised by severe in utero growth restriction and poor postnatal growth, body asymmetry, irregular craniofacial features and several additional minor malformations. The aetiology of SRS is complex and current evidence strongly implicates imprinted genes. Approximately, half of all patients exhibit DNA hypomethylation at the H19/IGF2 imprinted domain, and around 10% have maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7. We measured DNA methylation in 18 SRS patients at >485,000 CpG sites using DNA methylation microarrays. Using a novel bioinformatics methodology specifically designed to identify subsets of patients with a shared epimutation, we analysed methylation changes genome-wide as well as at known imprinted regions to identify SRS-associated epimutations. Our analysis identifies epimutations at the previously characterised domains of H19/IGF2 and at imprinted regions on chromosome 7, providing proof of principle that our methodology can detect DNA methylation changes at imprinted loci. In addition, we discovered two novel epimutations associated with SRS and located at imprinted loci previously linked to relevant mouse and human phenotypes. We identify RB1 as an additional imprinted locus associated with SRS, with a region near the RB1 differentially methylated region hypermethylated in 13/18 (~70%) patients. We also report 6/18 (~33%) patients were hypermethylated at a CpG island near the ANKRD11 gene. We do not observe consistent co-occurrence of epimutations at multiple imprinted loci in single SRS individuals. SRS is clinically heterogeneous and the absence of multiple imprinted loci epimutations reflects the heterogeneity at the molecular level. Further stratification of SRS patients by molecular phenotypes might aid the identification of disease causes.
| S-EPMC4568568 | biostudies-literature