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P16INK4a Upregulation Mediated by SIX6 Defines Retinal Ganglion Cell Pathogenesis in Glaucoma.


ABSTRACT: Glaucoma, a blinding neurodegenerative disease, whose risk factors include elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, and genetics, is characterized by accelerated and progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Despite decades of research, the mechanism of RGC death in glaucoma is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the genetic effect of the SIX6 risk variant (rs33912345, His141Asn) is enhanced by another major POAG risk gene, p16INK4a (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, isoform INK4a). We further show that the upregulation of homozygous SIX6 risk alleles (CC) leads to an increase in p16INK4a expression, with subsequent cellular senescence, as evidenced in a mouse model of elevated IOP and in human POAG eyes. Our data indicate that SIX6 and/or IOP promotes POAG by directly increasing p16INK4a expression, leading to RGC senescence in adult human retinas. Our study provides important insights linking genetic susceptibility to the underlying mechanism of RGC death and provides a unified theory of glaucoma pathogenesis.

SUBMITTER: Skowronska-Krawczyk D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4648709 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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P16INK4a Upregulation Mediated by SIX6 Defines Retinal Ganglion Cell Pathogenesis in Glaucoma.

Skowronska-Krawczyk Dorota D   Zhao Ling L   Zhu Jie J   Weinreb Robert N RN   Cao Guiqun G   Luo Jing J   Flagg Ken K   Patel Sherrina S   Wen Cindy C   Krupa Martin M   Luo Hongrong H   Ouyang Hong H   Lin Danni D   Wang Wenqiu W   Li Gen G   Xu Yanxin Y   Li Oulan O   Chung Christopher C   Yeh Emily E   Jafari Maryam M   Ai Michael M   Zhong Zheng Z   Shi William W   Zheng Lianghong L   Krawczyk Michal M   Chen Daniel D   Shi Catherine C   Zin Carolyn C   Zhu Jin J   Mellon Pamela L PL   Gao Weiwei W   Abagyan Ruben R   Zhang Liangfang L   Sun Xiaodong X   Zhong Sheng S   Zhuo Yehong Y   Rosenfeld Michael G MG   Liu Yizhi Y   Zhang Kang K  

Molecular cell 20150910 6


Glaucoma, a blinding neurodegenerative disease, whose risk factors include elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, and genetics, is characterized by accelerated and progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Despite decades of research, the mechanism of RGC death in glaucoma is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the genetic effect of the SIX6 risk variant (rs33912345, His141Asn) is enhanced by another major POAG risk gene, p16INK4a (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, isoform INK4a  ...[more]

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