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Impact of phytic acid on nutrient bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of dehusked rice.

ABSTRACT: Whole grains consumption promotes health benefits, but demonstrates controversial impacts from phytic acid in meeting requirements of good health. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the nutrient bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of rice cultivars named "Adan" or "Bario" and deduce the nutritional impact of phytic acid. Majority of the dehusked rice in the collection showed an acceptable level of in-vitro starch digestibility and in-vitro protein digestibility, but were poor in antioxidant properties and bioaccessibility of minerals (Ca, Fe and Zn). The drawbacks identified in the rice cultivars were due to relatively high phytic acid content (2420.6?±?94.6 mg/100 g) and low phenolic content (152.39?±?18.84 ?g GAE/g). The relationship between phytic acid content and mineral bioaccessibility was strongest in calcium (r?=?0.60), followed by iron (r?=?0.40) and zinc (r?=?0.27). Phytic acid content did not significantly correlate with in-vitro starch digestibility and in-vitro protein digestibility but showed a weak relationship with antioxidant properties. These suggest that phytic acid could significantly impair the mineral bioaccessibility of dehusked rice, and also act as an important antioxidant in non-pigmented rice. Bario rice cultivars offered dehusked rice with wide range of in-vitro digestibility of starch and protein, and also pigmented rice as a good source of antioxidants. However, there is a need to reduce phytic acid content in dehusked rice for improved mineral bioaccessibility among Bario rice cultivars.

SUBMITTER: Lee HH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4648857 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of phytic acid on nutrient bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of dehusked rice.

Lee H H HH Loh S P SP Bong C F J CF Sarbini S R SR Yiu P H PH

Journal of food science and technology 20150623 12

Whole grains consumption promotes health benefits, but demonstrates controversial impacts from phytic acid in meeting requirements of good health. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the nutrient bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of rice cultivars named "Adan" or "Bario" and deduce the nutritional impact of phytic acid. Majority of the dehusked rice in the collection showed an acceptable level of in-vitro starch digestibility and in-vitro protein digestibility, but were poor i ...[more]

PMID: 26604353

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Project description:BackgroundThe nutritional value of rice can be improved by developing varieties with optimum levels of grain phytic acid (PA). Artificial low-PA mutants with impaired PA biosynthesis have been developed in rice through induced mutagenesis. However, low-PA mutant stocks with drastically reduced grain PA content have poor breeding potential, and their use in rice breeding is restricted due to their detrimental pleiotropic effects, which include decreased seed viability, low grain weight, and low seed yield. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of the natural variation in grain PA content in order to reduce the PA content to an ideal level without compromising the crop's agronomic performance. Natural genetic diversity in grain PA content has not been thoroughly examined among elite genetic stocks. Additionally, given grain PA content as a quantitative trait driven by polygenes, DNA marker-assisted selection may be required for manipulation of such a trait; however, informative DNA markers for PA content have not yet been identified in rice. Here we investigated and dissected natural genetic variation and genetic variability components for grain PA content in rice varieties cultivated in Eastern and North-Eastern India during the last 50 years. We developed novel gene-based markers for the low-PA-related candidate genes in rice germplasm, and their allelic diversity and association with natural variation in grain PA content were studied.ResultsA wide (0.3-2.8%), significant variation for grain PA content, with decade-wise and ecology-wise differences, was observed among rice varieties. Significant genotype x environment interaction suggested polygenic inheritance. The novel candidate gene-based markers detected 43 alleles in the rice varieties. The new markers were found highly informative as indicated by PIC values (0.11-0.65; average: 0.34) and coverage of total diversity. Marker alleles developed from two putative transporter genes viz., SPDT and OsPT8 were significantly associated with grain PA variation assayed on the panel. A 201 bp allele at the 3' UTR of SPDT gene was negatively associated with grain PA content and explained 7.84% of the phenotypic variation. A rare allele in the coding sequence of OsPT8 gene was positively associated with grain PA content which explained phenotypic variation of 18.49%.ConclusionNatural variation in grain PA content is substantial and is mostly controlled by genetic factors. The unique DNA markers linked with PA content have significant potential as genomic resources for the development of low-PA rice varieties through genomics-assisted breeding procedures.

Project description:Development of bakery products containing rice ( Oryza sativa, Linn.) and teff ( Eragrostis tef) could have potential health benefits due to their gluten free nature. Nine experimental runs were generated using custom design by JMP 8 software. The effect of two factors, rice variety (Edeget, X-jigna and Nerica-4) and blending proportions of rice and teff (0.5:0.5, 0.7:0.3 and 0.9:0.1) were studied. The data analysis was conducted using SAS software package for the mean comparison and custom design by JMP 8 software. Response surface methodology was applied to study the interaction effect of the main factors and to generate the predictive equations. An optimal value (1.60%) of fiber was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 50% Edeget and 50% teff because teff grain is high in fiber. A maximum value (10.75%) of protein was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 70% Nerica-4 and 30% teff. Carbohydrate was optimal (81.37%) when 90% Edeget and 10% teff were blended because rice grain is high in carbohydrate. Optimal iron content (12.97 mg/100g) was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 50% Nerica-4 and 50% teff because teff grain is high in iron. Optimal zinc content (4.14 mg/100g) was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 50% X-jigna and 50% teff. The optimal value (61.25 mg/100g) of calcium was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 50% Edeget and 50% teff. Optimum (lower) value (0.31mg/g) of phytic acid was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 90% Nerica-4 and 10% teff because rice grain is lower in phytic acid content. It was concluded that rice variety and rice-teff blending proportion had a significant effect on the physico-chemical properties of rice-teff blend bread. An optimal nutrient blend (high in nutrients, low in anti-nutrients) was obtained when 70% Edeget rice variety was blended with 30% teff. All the derived mathematical models for the various responses were found to fit significantly to the predicted data.

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Impact of phytic acid on nutrient bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of dehusked rice.

Publications

Impact of phytic acid on nutrient bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of dehusked rice.

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