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Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Blacks: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study.

ABSTRACT: Most studies of depression and cardiovascular risk have been conducted in white populations. We investigated this association in a community-based cohort of blacks.We used data from the Jackson Heart Study to investigate associations of baseline depressive symptoms between 2000 and 2004 with incident stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) during 10 years. We used Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models to assess cardiovascular event risk using 3 exposure variables: any depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score ?16); none (score <16), minor (score 16 to <21), and major depression (score?21); and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score per 1-SD increase. Models were adjusted for a stroke or CHD risk score and behavioral risk factors. Of 3309 participants with no stroke history, 738 (22.3%) had baseline depressive symptoms. A similar proportion with no previous CHD had baseline depressive symptoms (21.8%). The unadjusted 10-year risk of stroke was similar among participants with any compared with no depressive symptoms (3.7% versus 2.6%; P=0.12). Unadjusted CHD rates were higher among participants with depressive symptoms (5.6% versus 3.6%; P=0.03), and differences persisted after adjustment for clinical and behavioral risk factors but not after adjustment for coping strategies. In adjusted models comparing major versus no depressive symptoms, patients with major depressive symptoms had a 2-fold greater hazard of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.71; P=0.04). In continuous models, a 1-SD increase in Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score was associated with a 30% increase in adjusted incident stroke risk (P=0.04). Similar associations were observed for incident CHD in models adjusted for clinical and behavioral risk factors, but associations were not significant after adjustment for coping strategies.In a community-based cohort of blacks, major depressive symptoms were associated with greater risks of incident stroke and CHD after adjustment for clinical and behavioral risk factors.

SUBMITTER: O'Brien EC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4654702 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Blacks: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study.

O'Brien Emily C EC Greiner Melissa A MA Sims Mario M Hardy Natalie Chantelle NC Wang Wei W Shahar Eyal E Hernandez Adrian F AF Curtis Lesley H LH

Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 20151117 6

<h4>Background</h4>Most studies of depression and cardiovascular risk have been conducted in white populations. We investigated this association in a community-based cohort of blacks.<h4>Methods and results</h4>We used data from the Jackson Heart Study to investigate associations of baseline depressive symptoms between 2000 and 2004 with incident stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) during 10 years. We used Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models to assess cardiovascular ev ...[more]

PMID: 26578621

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Among individuals without hypertension based on clinic blood pressure (BP), it is unclear who should be screened for masked hypertension, defined as having hypertension based on out-of-clinic BP. We hypothesized that individuals with a higher 10-year predicted atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, calculated using the pooled cohort risk equations, have a higher prevalence of masked hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS:We analyzed data from the Jackson Heart Study-a population-based cohort of blacks-to determine the association of predicted ASCVD risk with masked hypertension. The sample included 644 participants, 40 to 79 years of age, with clinic systolic/diastolic BP <140/90 mm Hg, who completed ambulatory BP monitoring, were free of cardiovascular disease, and had data on factors needed to calculate ASCVD risk. Ten-year predicted ASCVD risk was calculated using the pooled cohort risk equations. Any masked hypertension was defined as masked daytime hypertension (mean daytime systolic/diastolic BP ?135/85 mm Hg), masked nighttime hypertension (mean nighttime systolic/diastolic BP ?120/70 mm Hg), or masked 24-hour hypertension (mean 24-hour systolic/diastolic BP ?130/80 mm Hg). The prevalence of any masked hypertension was 54.0%. Compared with participants in the lowest (<5%) predicted ASCVD risk category, multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) for any masked hypertension were 1.36 (1.03-1.79), 1.62 (1.22-2.16), and 1.91 (1.47-2.48) for those with ASCVD risk of 5% to <7.5%, 7.5% to <10%, and ?10%, respectively. The C statistic for discriminating between participants with versus without any masked hypertension was 0.681 (95% confidence interval, 0.640-0.723) for ASCVD risk and 0.703 (95% confidence interval, 0.663-0.744) for clinic systolic BP and diastolic BP. CONCLUSIONS:Higher ASCVD risk was associated with an increased prevalence of masked hypertension. Although the discrimination of ASCVD risk for masked hypertension was not superior to clinic BP, risk prediction equations may be useful for identifying the subgroup of individuals with both masked hypertension and high predicted ASCVD risk.

Dataset Information

Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Blacks: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study.

Publications

Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Blacks: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study.

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