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Multiple consecutive norovirus infections in the first 2 years of life.

ABSTRACT: Studies investigating the magnitude and breath of protective immune responses after primary and subsequent norovirus infections in pediatric populations are limited. We investigated incidence of norovirus infections and serological responses in a child from longitudinal stool and serum samples collected from birth to 2 years of age. Four consecutive infections with distinct genotypes of norovirus were detected. Serum antibodies were genotype-specific offering no protection to reinfection with heterologous virus.This study describes norovirus-specific serological responses in a child with four consecutive norovirus infection during the first 2 years of life. The response is type-specific and does not protect from a subsequent infection with a heterologous virus.• Correlates of protection to norovirus infection and disease are not yet determined, and most of the presently available data concern adult population.• This manuscript describes serological immune responses after primary and subsequent infections in a child during the first 2 years of life.

SUBMITTER: Blazevic V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4662724 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Multiple consecutive norovirus infections in the first 2 years of life.

Blazevic Vesna V Malm Maria M Salminen Marjo M Oikarinen Sami S Hyöty Heikki H Veijola Riitta R Vesikari Timo T

European journal of pediatrics 20150709 12

Studies investigating the magnitude and breath of protective immune responses after primary and subsequent norovirus infections in pediatric populations are limited. We investigated incidence of norovirus infections and serological responses in a child from longitudinal stool and serum samples collected from birth to 2 years of age. Four consecutive infections with distinct genotypes of norovirus were detected. Serum antibodies were genotype-specific offering no protection to reinfection with he ...[more]

PMID: 26152345

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Project description:BackgroundHospital-based studies identify parechovirus (PeV), primarily PeV-A3, as an important cause of severe infections in young children. However, few community-based studies have been published and the true PeV infection burden is unknown. We investigated PeV epidemiology in healthy children participating in a community-based, longitudinal birth cohort study.MethodsAustralian children (n = 158) enrolled in the Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases (ORChID) study were followed from birth until their second birthday. Weekly stool and nasal swabs and daily symptom diaries were collected. Swabs were tested for PeV by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotypes determined by subgenomic sequencing. Incidence rate, infection characteristics, clinical associations, and virus codetections were investigated.ResultsPeV was detected in 1423 of 11 124 (12.8%) and 17 of 8100 (0.2%) stool and nasal swabs, respectively. Major genotypes among the 306 infection episodes identified were PeV-A1 (47.9%), PeV-A6 (20.1%), and PeV-A3 (18.3%). The incidence rate was 144 episodes (95% confidence interval, 128-160) per 100 child-years. First infections appeared at a median age of 8 (interquartile range, 6.0-11.7) months. Annual seasonal peaks changing from PeV-A1 to PeV-A3 were observed. Infection was positively associated with age ≥6 months, summer season, nonexclusive breastfeeding at age <3 months, and formal childcare attendance before age 12 months. Sole PeV infections were either asymptomatic (38.4%) or mild (32.7%), while codetection with other viruses in stool swabs was common (64.4%).ConclusionsIn contrast with hospital-based studies, this study showed that diverse and dynamically changing PeV genotypes circulate in the community causing mild or subclinical infections in children.Parechovirus can cause severe illnesses in children. However, studies focus mainly on hospitalized populations. True disease burden in the community remains largely unknown. From our community-based cohort, we found diverse parechovirus genotypes in the community, causing mild or subclinical infections in children.Clinical trials registrationNCT01304914.

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Multiple consecutive norovirus infections in the first 2 years of life.

Publications

Multiple consecutive norovirus infections in the first 2 years of life.

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