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Higher- and lower-order factor analyses of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire in early and middle childhood.

ABSTRACT: The Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ; Rothbart, Ahadi, & Hershey, 1994), a 195-item parent-report questionnaire, is one of the most widely used measures of child temperament, with previous analyses of its scales suggesting that 3 broad factors account for the overarching structure of child temperament (Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey, & Fisher, 2001). However, there are no published item-level factor analyses of the CBQ, meaning that it is currently unclear whether items clearly load onto CBQ scales as proposed by its developers. Additionally, although the CBQ is intended to cover a broad window of development (i.e., ages 3-7), little is known about whether the structure of the CBQ differs depending on child age. The present study used a bottom-up approach to examine the lower- and higher-order structure of the CBQ in a large community sample of children at ages 3 (N = 944) and 5/6 (N = 853). Item-level exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) identified 88 items at age 3 and 87 items at age 5/6 suitable (i.e., with loadings ?.40) for constructing lower-order factors. Of the lower-order factors derived at ages 3 and 5/6, fewer than half resembled original CBQ scales (Rothbart et al., 1994, 2001). Higher-order EFAs of the lower-order factors suggested that a 4-factor structure was the best fit at both ages 3 and 5/6. Thus, results indicate that a substantial number of CBQ items do not load well on a lower-order factor and that more than 3 factors are needed to account for its higher-order structure.

SUBMITTER: Kotelnikova Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4666831 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Higher- and lower-order factor analyses of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire in early and middle childhood.

Kotelnikova Yuliya Y Olino Thomas M TM Klein Daniel N DN Kryski Katie R KR Hayden Elizabeth P EP

Psychological assessment 20150601 1

The Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ; Rothbart, Ahadi, & Hershey, 1994), a 195-item parent-report questionnaire, is one of the most widely used measures of child temperament, with previous analyses of its scales suggesting that 3 broad factors account for the overarching structure of child temperament (Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey, & Fisher, 2001). However, there are no published item-level factor analyses of the CBQ, meaning that it is currently unclear whether items clearly load onto CBQ sca ...[more]

PMID: 26029946

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Project description:RNA junctions are secondary-structure elements formed when three or more helices come together. They are present in diverse RNA molecules with various fundamental functions in the cell. To better understand the intricate architecture of three-dimensional (3D) RNAs, we analyze currently solved 3D RNA junctions in terms of base-pair interactions and 3D configurations. First, we study base-pair interaction diagrams for solved RNA junctions with 5 to 10 helices and discuss common features. Second, we compare these higher-order junctions to those containing 3 or 4 helices and identify global motif patterns such as coaxial stacking and parallel and perpendicular helical configurations. These analyses show that higher-order junctions organize their helical components in parallel and helical configurations similar to lower-order junctions. Their sub-junctions also resemble local helical configurations found in three- and four-way junctions and are stabilized by similar long-range interaction preferences such as A-minor interactions. Furthermore, loop regions within junctions are high in adenine but low in cytosine, and in agreement with previous studies, we suggest that coaxial stacking between helices likely forms when the common single-stranded loop is small in size; however, other factors such as stacking interactions involving noncanonical base pairs and proteins can greatly determine or disrupt coaxial stacking. Finally, we introduce the ribo-base interactions: when combined with the along-groove packing motif, these ribo-base interactions form novel motifs involved in perpendicular helix-helix interactions. Overall, these analyses suggest recurrent tertiary motifs that stabilize junction architecture, pack helices, and help form helical configurations that occur as sub-elements of larger junction networks. The frequent occurrence of similar helical motifs suggest nature's finite and perhaps limited repertoire of RNA helical conformation preferences. More generally, studies of RNA junctions and tertiary building blocks can ultimately help in the difficult task of RNA 3D structure prediction.

Project description:BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent and associated with negative health and social outcomes. However, our understanding of how patterns of ACEs exposure relate to positive outcomes in adulthood remains limited. This study aims to identify patterns of ACEs and examine associations with flourishing in a sample of Chinese young adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2020. Young adults, ages 18-35, enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs at universities in Mainland China were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling to participate in a survey. The exposure to ACEs was measured by the twelve-item Chinese version of the ACE-International Questionnaire. Additional measures included six domains of flourishing assessed using the Chinese version of the Flourishing Measure, and demographic covariates (i.e., gender, age, year in university, marital status). Descriptive statistical analysis and latent class analysis (LCA) were performed using SPSS 27 and Mplus 8.5.ResultsParticipants included 9468 young adults (mean age = 20.1 years). Majority of participants were female (75.3%), undergraduate students (96.4%), and single (79.8%). Approximately 56% of participants reported at least one ACE; 7.0% reported four or more ACEs. Emotional neglect (33.2%), household violence (20.6%), and parental separation/divorce (13.9%) were the most frequently reported ACEs. LCA identified three ACEs classes: multiple maltreatment and household violence (4.7%), emotional neglect and household violence (16.2%), and low ACEs (79.1%). Individuals in the low ACEs class had the highest level of flourishing whereas individuals in multiple maltreatment and household violence had the lowest level of flourishing in all six domains. There were no significant differences in flourishing between the multiple maltreatment and household violence and the emotional neglect and household violence classes except in the physical and mental health (means = 6.17 vs 6.51, p = 0.02) and the financial and material stability domains (means = 5.25 vs 5.66, p = 0.04).ConclusionsPatterns of multiple ACEs exposures were associated with lower levels of flourishing. Our findings have implications for efforts to prevent ACEs exposure through monitoring and promoting family well-being and routine screening to identify those with ACEs exposure to prevent negative social and health sequelae.

Dataset Information

Higher- and lower-order factor analyses of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire in early and middle childhood.

Publications

Higher- and lower-order factor analyses of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire in early and middle childhood.

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