Dataset Information

Allelic Mutations of KITLG, Encoding KIT Ligand, Cause Asymmetric and Unilateral Hearing Loss and Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2.

ABSTRACT: Linkage analysis combined with whole-exome sequencing in a large family with congenital and stable non-syndromic unilateral and asymmetric hearing loss (NS-UHL/AHL) revealed a heterozygous truncating mutation, c.286_303delinsT (p.Ser96Ter), in KITLG. This mutation co-segregated with NS-UHL/AHL as a dominant trait with reduced penetrance. By screening a panel of probands with NS-UHL/AHL, we found an additional mutation, c.200_202del (p.His67_Cys68delinsArg). In vitro studies revealed that the p.His67_Cys68delinsArg transmembrane isoform of KITLG is not detectable at the cell membrane, supporting pathogenicity. KITLG encodes a ligand for the KIT receptor. Also, KITLG-KIT signaling and MITF are suggested to mutually interact in melanocyte development. Because mutations in MITF are causative of Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (WS2), we screened KITLG in suspected WS2-affected probands. A heterozygous missense mutation, c.310C>G (p.Leu104Val), that segregated with WS2 was identified in a small family. In vitro studies revealed that the p.Leu104Val transmembrane isoform of KITLG is located at the cell membrane, as is wild-type KITLG. However, in culture media of transfected cells, the p.Leu104Val soluble isoform of KITLG was reduced, and no soluble p.His67_Cys68delinsArg and p.Ser96Ter KITLG could be detected. These data suggest that mutations in KITLG associated with NS-UHL/AHL have a loss-of-function effect. We speculate that the mechanism of the mutation underlying WS2 and leading to membrane incorporation and reduced secretion of KITLG occurs via a dominant-negative or gain-of-function effect. Our study unveils different phenotypes associated with KITLG, previously associated with pigmentation abnormalities, and will thereby improve the genetic counseling given to individuals with KITLG variants.

SUBMITTER: Zazo Seco C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4667106 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Allelic Mutations of KITLG, Encoding KIT Ligand, Cause Asymmetric and Unilateral Hearing Loss and Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2.

Zazo Seco Celia C Serrão de Castro Luciana L van Nierop Josephine W JW Morín Matías M Jhangiani Shalini S Verver Eva J J EJ Schraders Margit M Maiwald Nadine N Wesdorp Mieke M Venselaar Hanka H Spruijt Liesbeth L Oostrik Jaap J Schoots Jeroen J van Reeuwijk Jeroen J Lelieveld Stefan H SH Huygen Patrick L M PL Insenser María M Admiraal Ronald J C RJ Pennings Ronald J E RJ Hoefsloot Lies H LH Arias-Vásquez Alejandro A de Ligt Joep J Yntema Helger G HG Jansen Joop H JH Muzny Donna M DM Huls Gerwin G van Rossum Michelle M MM Lupski James R JR Moreno-Pelayo Miguel Angel MA Kunst Henricus P M HP Kremer Hannie H

American journal of human genetics 20151029 5

Linkage analysis combined with whole-exome sequencing in a large family with congenital and stable non-syndromic unilateral and asymmetric hearing loss (NS-UHL/AHL) revealed a heterozygous truncating mutation, c.286_303delinsT (p.Ser96Ter), in KITLG. This mutation co-segregated with NS-UHL/AHL as a dominant trait with reduced penetrance. By screening a panel of probands with NS-UHL/AHL, we found an additional mutation, c.200_202del (p.His67_Cys68delinsArg). In vitro studies revealed that the p.H ...[more]

PMID: 26522471

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Project description:Importance:Pediatric-onset unilateral and asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a common condition, but in most patients, the cause remains unclear; thus, determination of the hearing outlook is difficult. Objective:To analyze the etiologic and audiologic characteristics of pediatric-onset unilateral and asymmetric SNHL. Design, Setting, and Participants:In this retrospective cohort study performed from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2016, patients at a tertiary referral center who were diagnosed with pediatric-onset unilateral or asymmetric SNHL were divided into 3 groups according to their hearing levels: unilateral hearing loss with scaled-out levels (UHL-SO), unilateral hearing loss with residual hearing (UHL-RH), and asymmetric hearing loss (AHL). Main Outcomes and Measures:Basic demographic data, family and medical histories, audiologic results, imaging findings, and genetic results were ascertained and compared among patients of the 3 groups. Results:A total of 133 patients (mean [SD] age, 9.1 [10.9] years; 63 [47.4%] male and 70 [52.6%] female), including 50 with UHL-SO, 42 with UHL-RH, and 41 with AHL, were enrolled for analyses. Of 50 patients with UHL-SO, 49 (98.0%) had stable hearing levels with time, whereas 10 of 42 patients with UHL-RH (23.8%) and 18 of 41 patients with AHL (43.9%) revealed progressive or fluctuating hearing loss. Inner ear malformations detected with temporal bone high-resolution computed tomography, particularly cochlear aperture stenosis, were detected at higher rates in patients with UHL-SO (9 of 31 [29.0%]) and UHL-RH (6 of 24 [25.0%]) than in those with AHL (1 of 30 [3.3%]). In contrast, screening for mutations in 3 common deafness genes-GJB2, SLC26A4, and MTRNR1-achieved definite diagnosis in a higher percentage of patients with AHL (10 of 37 [27.0%]) than patients with UHL-SO (0 of 33) and UHL-RH (1 of 25 [4.0%]). Conclusions and Relevance:The UHL-SO and UHL-RH conditions share a common or similar etiopathogenesis different from that of AHL. Imaging studies and genetic testing might be prioritized during the respective general etiologic workups for patients with UHL and AHL. Regular hearing checkups are warranted for patients with UHL and AHL because a certain proportion of patients might sustain progression in SNHL.

Dataset Information

Allelic Mutations of KITLG, Encoding KIT Ligand, Cause Asymmetric and Unilateral Hearing Loss and Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2.

Publications

Allelic Mutations of KITLG, Encoding KIT Ligand, Cause Asymmetric and Unilateral Hearing Loss and Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2.

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