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Interval training based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold increases cardiac vagal modulation and decreases high-sensitivity c-reative protein: randomized clinical trial in coronary artery disease.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity are involved in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), and exercise training has been shown to confer a cardiovascular benefit. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects that interval training (IT) based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) has on heart rate variability (HRV) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, as well as the relationship between both levels, in patients with CAD and/or cardiovascular risk factors (RF). METHOD:Forty-two men (aged 57.88±6.20 years) were divided into two training groups, CAD-T (n= 12) and RF-T (n= 10), and two control groups, CAD-C (n= 10) and RF-C (n=10). Heart rate and RR intervals in the supine position, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, and hs-CRP levels were measured before and after IT. HRV was analyzed by spectral and symbolic analysis. The CAD-T and RF-T underwent a 16-week IT program of three weekly sessions at training intensities based on the VAT. RESULTS:In the RF-T, cardiac sympathetic modulation index and hs-CRP decreased (p<0.02), while cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased (p<0.02). In the CAD-T, cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased, while hs-CRP, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures decreased (p<0.02). Both control groups showed increase in hs-CRP parameters (p<0.02). There was a strong and significant association between parasympathetic and sympathetic modulations with hs-CRP. CONCLUSION:The IT program based on the VAT promoted a decrease in hs-CRP associated with improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation.

SUBMITTER: Tamburus NY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4668337 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interval training based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold increases cardiac vagal modulation and decreases high-sensitivity c-reative protein: randomized clinical trial in coronary artery disease.

Tamburus Nayara Y NY Paula Roberta F L RF Kunz Vandeni C VC César Marcelo C MC Moreno Marlene A MA da Silva Ester E

Brazilian journal of physical therapy 20151009 6

<h4>Background</h4>Autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity are involved in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), and exercise training has been shown to confer a cardiovascular benefit.<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate the effects that interval training (IT) based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) has on heart rate variability (HRV) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, as well as the relationship between both levels, in patients with CAD ...[more]

PMID: 26647745

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Project description:BackgroundVentilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) is a useful submaximal measure of exercise tolerance; however, it must be visually determined. We developed a new mathematical method to objectively determine VAT.MethodsWe employed two retrospective population data sets (A/B). Data A (from 128 healthy subjects, patients with cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiac subjects at institution A, who underwent symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing) were used to develop the method. Data B (from 163 cardiac patients at institution B, who underwent pre-/post-rehabilitation submaximal exercise testing) were used to apply the developed method. VAT (by V-slope) was visually determined (vVAT), assuming that the pre-VAT segment is parallel to the respiratory exchange ratio (R) = 1 line.ResultsFirst, from data A, exponential fitting of ramp V-slope data yielded the equation y = ba x, where a is the slope of the exponential function: a smaller value signified a less steep curve, representing less VCO2 against VO2. Next, a tangential line parallel to R = 1 was drawn. The x-axis value of the contact point was the derived VAT, termed the expVAT (VCO2) (calculated as LN (1/[b*LN(a)]/LN(a). This point represents an instantaneous ΔVCO2/ΔVO2 of 1.0. Second, in a similar way, the relation of VO2 vs. VE (minute ventilation) was fitted exponentially. The tangent line that crosses zero was drawn and the x-axis value was termed expVAT (VE) (calculated as 1/LN(a). For data A, the correlation coefficients (r) of vVAT versus VAT (CO2), and VAT (VE) were 0.924 and 0.903, respectively (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between mean values with the limits of agreement (1.96*SD of the pair difference) being ±276 and ± 278 mL/min, respectively. expVAT (VCO2) and expVAT (VE) significantly correlated with VO2peak (r = 0.971, r = 0.935, p < 0.001). For data B, after cardiac rehabilitation, expVAT (CO2) and exp. (VE) (mL/min) increased from 641 ± 185 to 685 ± 201 and from 696 ± 182 to 727 ± 209, respectively (p < 0.001, p < 0.008), while vVAT increased from 673 ± 191 to 734 ± 226 (p < 0.001). During submaximal testing, expVAT (VCO2) underestimated VAT, whereas expVAT (VE) did not.ConclusionsTwo new mathematically-derived estimates to determine VAT are promising because they yielded an objective VAT that significantly correlated with VO2peak, and detected training effect as well as visual VAT did.

Project description:BackgroundNear-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of oxygenation reflect O2 delivery and utilization in exercising muscle and may improve detection of a critical exercise threshold.PurposeFirst, to detect an oxygenation breakpoint (Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP) and compare this breakpoint to ventilatory thresholds during a maximal incremental test across sexes and training status. Second, to assess reproducibility of NIRS signals and exercise thresholds and investigate confounding effects of adipose tissue thickness on NIRS measurements.MethodsForty subjects (10 trained male cyclists, 10 trained female cyclists, 11 endurance trained males and 9 recreationally trained males) performed maximal incremental cycling exercise to determine Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP and ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). Muscle haemoglobin and myoglobin O2 oxygenation ([HHbMb], [O2HbMb], SmO2) was determined in m. vastus lateralis. Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP was determined by double linear regression. Trained cyclists performed the maximal incremental test twice to assess reproducibility. Adipose tissue thickness (ATT) was determined by skinfold measurements.ResultsΔ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP was not different from VT1, but only moderately related (r = 0.58-0.63, p<0.001). VT1 was different across sexes and training status, whereas Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP differed only across sexes. Reproducibility was high for SmO2 (ICC = 0.69-0.97), Δ[O2HbMb-HHbMb]-BP (ICC = 0.80-0.88) and ventilatory thresholds (ICC = 0.96-0.99). SmO2 at peak exercise and at occlusion were strongly related to adipose tissue thickness (r2 = 0.81, p<0.001; r2 = 0.79, p<0.001). Moreover, ATT was related to asymmetric changes in Δ[HHbMb] and Δ[O2HbMb] during incremental exercise (r = -0.64, p<0.001) and during occlusion (r = -0.50, p<0.05).ConclusionAlthough the oxygenation threshold is reproducible and potentially a suitable exercise threshold, VT1 discriminates better across sexes and training status during maximal stepwise incremental exercise. Continuous-wave NIRS measurements are reproducible, but strongly affected by adipose tissue thickness.

Dataset Information

Interval training based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold increases cardiac vagal modulation and decreases high-sensitivity c-reative protein: randomized clinical trial in coronary artery disease.

Publications

Interval training based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold increases cardiac vagal modulation and decreases high-sensitivity c-reative protein: randomized clinical trial in coronary artery disease.

Similar Datasets

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