Choosing a Qualitative Research Approach.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Teherani A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4675428 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Choosing a Qualitative Research Approach.
Teherani Arianne A Martimianakis Tina T Stenfors-Hayes Terese T Wadhwa Anupma A Varpio Lara L
Journal of graduate medical education 20151201 4
Similar Datasets
Project description:We surveyed internal medicine residents regarding how they approach febrile patients in cross-cover settings. Residents frequently use the term "full fever work-up," and rely on this for sign-out. Despite this, residents felt fever work-ups were not evidenced-based, and definitions of when and how to respond to a fever varied.
| S-EPMC5473033 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo describe a novel, five-phase approach to collecting qualitative data from hard-to-reach populations using crowdsourcing methods.MethodsDrawing from experiences across recent studies with type 1 diabetes and congenital heart disease stakeholders, we describe five phases of crowdsourcing methodology, an innovative approach to conducting qualitative research within an online environment, and discuss relevant practical and ethical issues.ResultsPhases of crowdsourcing methodology are: (I) Preparing; (II) Forming Crowds; (III) Collecting Crowdsourced Data; (IV) Coding and Analyzing Crowdsourced Data; and (V) Generating and Disseminating Findings. Iterative feedback from stakeholders is obtained in all five phases. Practical and ethical issues include accessing diverse stakeholders, emotional engagement of crowd participants, responsiveness and transparency of crowdsourcing methodology, and limited personal contact with crowd participants.ConclusionsCrowdsourcing is an innovative, efficient, feasible, and timely approach to engaging hard-to-reach populations in qualitative research.
| S-EPMC7896271 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9322519 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10953118 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundA core outcome set (COS) is a standardised set of outcomes which should be measured and reported, as a minimum, in all effectiveness trials for a specific health area. This will allow results of studies to be compared, contrasted and combined as appropriate, as well as ensuring that all trials contribute usable information. The COMET (Core Outcome Measures for Effectiveness Trials) Initiative aims to support the development, reporting and adoption of COS. Central to this is a publically accessible online resource, populated with all available COS. The aim of the review we report here was to identify studies that sought to determine which outcomes or domains to measure in all clinical trials in a specific condition and to describe the methodological techniques used in these studies.MethodsWe developed a multi-faceted search strategy for electronic databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Methodology Register). We included studies that sought to determine which outcomes/domains to measure in all clinical trials in a specific condition.ResultsA total of 250 reports relating to 198 studies were judged eligible for inclusion in the review. Studies covered various areas of health, most commonly cancer, rheumatology, neurology, heart and circulation, and dentistry and oral health. A variety of methods have been used to develop COS, including semi-structured discussion, unstructured group discussion, the Delphi Technique, Consensus Development Conference, surveys and Nominal Group Technique. The most common groups involved were clinical experts and non-clinical research experts. Thirty-one (16%) studies reported that the public had been involved in the process. The geographic locations of participants were predominantly North America (n = 164; 83%) and Europe (n = 150; 76%).ConclusionsThis systematic review identified many health areas where a COS has been developed, but also highlights important gaps. It is a further step towards a comprehensive, up-to-date database of COS. In addition, it shows the need for methodological guidance, including how to engage key stakeholder groups, particularly members of the public.
| S-EPMC4059640 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The choice of summary statistics is a crucial step in approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Since statistics are often not sufficient, this choice involves a trade-off between loss of information and reduction of dimensionality. The latter may increase the efficiency of ABC. Here, we propose an approach for choosing summary statistics based on boosting, a technique from the machine-learning literature. We consider different types of boosting and compare them to partial least-squares regression as an alternative. To mitigate the lack of sufficiency, we also propose an approach for choosing summary statistics locally, in the putative neighborhood of the true parameter value. We study a demographic model motivated by the reintroduction of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) into the Swiss Alps. The parameters of interest are the mean and standard deviation across microsatellites of the scaled ancestral mutation rate (θ(anc) = 4N(e)u) and the proportion of males obtaining access to matings per breeding season (ω). By simulation, we assess the properties of the posterior distribution obtained with the various methods. According to our criteria, ABC with summary statistics chosen locally via boosting with the L(2)-loss performs best. Applying that method to the ibex data, we estimate θ(anc)≈ 1.288 and find that most of the variation across loci of the ancestral mutation rate u is between 7.7 × 10(-4) and 3.5 × 10(-3) per locus per generation. The proportion of males with access to matings is estimated as ω≈ 0.21, which is in good agreement with recent independent estimates.
| S-EPMC3522150 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oral health is increasingly seen as a public health challenge due to the remarkable prevalence of oral diseases worldwide, the impact on general health, and health consequences that can arise for individuals. Compared to other health services, oral health services are usually not fully covered by statutory health insurance, which is seen as one reason in decision-making on dental treatments. Nevertheless, patients' reasons for treatment decisions are not well understood although they can provide valuable insights. The objective of this study was to identify reasons of choice for dental treatments and to explore patients' view on cost coverage in Germany. We conducted four focus group interviews with a total of 27 participants. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed performing conventional content analysis. As part of a qualitative analysis, subcategories and categories were formed from identified reasons using an inductive approach. Our study supports and expands research in exploring patients' decision-making on dental treatments. It highlights a variety of 53 reasons of choice for dental treatments from patients' perspective, split in two categories "health care service", and "dentist & dental office". First category includes reasons regarding dental care performance (subcategories: "preconditions", "treatment", "costs", and "outcomes"). Second category demonstrates reasons regarding dentists, office structures and processes (subcategories: "professional skills", "social skills", "office staff & equipment", and "office processes"). Reasons named "most important" by the participants are out-of-pocket payments, dentists' training, and a relationship of trust between patient and dentist. Although the participants use incentive measures to lower financial burden, several perceived challenges exist. Identified reasons for choosing dental treatments provide a basis for further studies to quantify the relevance of these reasons from patients' perspective. Based on this, the various reasons identified can be considered in future policies to improve patients' utilization behavior, which can range from improved information sources to increased incentive measures.
| S-EPMC9132305 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In recent years there has been an increase in the number of portable low-cost electroencephalographic (EEG) systems available to researchers. However, to date the validation of the use of low-cost EEG systems has focused on continuous recording of EEG data and/or the replication of large system EEG setups reliant on event-markers to afford examination of event-related brain potentials (ERP). Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to conduct ERP research without being reliant on event markers using a portable MUSE EEG system and a single computer. Specifically, we report the results of two experiments using data collected with the MUSE EEG system-one using the well-known visual oddball paradigm and the other using a standard reward-learning task. Our results demonstrate that we could observe and quantify the N200 and P300 ERP components in the visual oddball task and the reward positivity (the mirror opposite component to the feedback-related negativity) in the reward-learning task. Specifically, single sample t-tests of component existence (all p's < 0.05), computation of Bayesian credible intervals, and 95% confidence intervals all statistically verified the existence of the N200, P300, and reward positivity in all analyses. We provide with this research paper an open source website with all the instructions, methods, and software to replicate our findings and to provide researchers with an easy way to use the MUSE EEG system for ERP research. Importantly, our work highlights that with a single computer and a portable EEG system such as the MUSE one can conduct ERP research with ease thus greatly extending the possible use of the ERP methodology to a variety of novel contexts.
| S-EPMC5344886 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, midwives have reported increased demand for community birth services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand childbearing persons' decision-making during the pandemic and to illuminate their experiences giving birth in community settings.MethodsThe study was framed by the interpretive phenomenological approach. Eligible participants were recruited from midwives providing out-of-hospital birth services. Of the 26 women who agreed to an interview, 17 were able to be reached and interviewed. Interviews followed a semistructured guide. Early paradigm cases were coded by all researchers, and then the first author coded the remaining transcripts. The final thematic structure was developed by the research team through an iterative process and validated through member checking.ResultsFour themes were identified: prior desire for a community birth, perceived susceptibility, barriers to choice, and isolation.DiscussionMany participants had a preexisting desire for community birth and used the pandemic to justify their choice. However, birth options were often limited by finances and geography. Attitude toward COVID-19 varied by knowledge and experience. Many participants experienced stress and isolation.
| S-EPMC8662103 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo synthesise qualitative research exploring patients' perspectives, experiences and factors influencing their decision-making preferences when choosing or declining kidney transplantation.DesignA qualitative evidence synthesis.Data sourcesElectronic databases were searched from 2000 to June 2021: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest Core Databases for Dissertations and Theses, and Google Scholar.Eligibility criteriaQualitative studies exploring and reporting decision-making preferences of people with kidney disease, which reported influencing factors when choosing or declining kidney transplantation, published in English from high-income and middle-income countries.Data extraction and synthesisTitles were screened against the inclusion criteria. Thematic synthesis was done with the use of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist to assess study quality, and assessment of confidence in the qualitative findings was done using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research.Findings37 studies from 11 countries reported the perspectives of 1366 patients with kidney disease. Six descriptive themes were developed: decisional preferences influenced patients' readiness to pursue kidney transplantation, gathering sufficient information to support decision-making, navigating the kidney transplant assessment pathway, desire for kidney transplantation, opposed to kidney transplantation and uncertainties while waiting for the kidney transplant. A new enhanced theoretical model was developed to aid understanding of the complexities of decision-making in people with kidney disease, by integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Adaptive Decision Maker Framework to incorporate the novel findings.ConclusionThe synthesis provides a better understanding of the extremely complex decision-making processes of people with kidney disease, which are aligned to their kidney transplantation preferences. Further research is needed to better understand the reasons for declining kidney transplantation, and to underpin development of personalised information, interventions and support for patients to make informed decisions when presented with kidney replacement options.Prospero registration numberCRD42021272588.
| S-EPMC10423837 | biostudies-literature