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Drug-likeness of Phytic Acid and Its Analogues.

ABSTRACT: Inositol hexakisphosphate is known to be the phosphorous reserve in plants particularly in the seeds. Though it has been known for its antinutrient properties for many years, recent research shed light to reveal it as a novel anticancer agent. Hence the present study investigates the drug-likeness of phytic acid and its analogues through bioinformatics methods. Two potential cancer drug targets such as mitogen activated kinase and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor are included in the study. Out of 50 selected analogues of phytic acid, 42 structures interact well with the chosen drug targets. The best interacting structures are 1-diphosinositol pentakisphosphate and 2,3,4,5,6-pentaphosphonooxycyclohexyl dihydrogen phosphate. For both of these structures, the negative binding energy obtained was -49.5 KJ/mol; this affirms the stability of the complex. ADME properties are also predicted to assess the drug-like properties of the compounds. The structure activity relationship model is generated for 12 compounds with experimental IC50 values.

SUBMITTER: Joy A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4676049 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Drug-likeness of Phytic Acid and Its Analogues.

Joy Amitha A Balaji S S

The open microbiology journal 20151103

Inositol hexakisphosphate is known to be the phosphorous reserve in plants particularly in the seeds. Though it has been known for its antinutrient properties for many years, recent research shed light to reveal it as a novel anticancer agent. Hence the present study investigates the drug-likeness of phytic acid and its analogues through bioinformatics methods. Two potential cancer drug targets such as mitogen activated kinase and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor are included in the study. O ...[more]

PMID: 26668666

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Project description:BackgroundRecently, the metabolite-likeness of the drug space has emerged and has opened a new possibility for exploring human metabolite-like candidates in drug discovery. However, the applicability of metabolite-likeness in drug discovery has been largely unexplored. Moreover, there are no reports on its applications for the repositioning of drugs to possible enzyme modulators, although enzyme-drug relations could be directly inferred from the similarity relationships between enzyme's metabolites and drugs.MethodsWe constructed a drug-metabolite structural similarity matrix, which contains 1,861 FDA-approved drugs and 1,110 human intermediary metabolites scored with the Tanimoto similarity. To verify the metabolite-likeness measure for drug repositioning, we analyzed 17 known antimetabolite drugs that resemble the innate metabolites of their eleven target enzymes as the gold standard positives. Highly scored drugs were selected as possible modulators of enzymes for their corresponding metabolites. Then, we assessed the performance of metabolite-likeness with a receiver operating characteristic analysis and compared it with other drug-target prediction methods. We set the similarity threshold for drug repositioning candidates of new enzyme modulators based on maximization of the Youden's index. We also carried out literature surveys for supporting the drug repositioning results based on the metabolite-likeness.ResultsIn this paper, we applied metabolite-likeness to repurpose FDA-approved drugs to disease-associated enzyme modulators that resemble human innate metabolites. All antimetabolite drugs were mapped with their known 11 target enzymes with statistically significant similarity values to the corresponding metabolites. The comparison with other drug-target prediction methods showed the higher performance of metabolite-likeness for predicting enzyme modulators. After that, the drugs scored higher than similarity score of 0.654 were selected as possible modulators of enzymes for their corresponding metabolites. In addition, we showed that drug repositioning results of 10 enzymes were concordant with the literature evidence.ConclusionsThis study introduced a method to predict the repositioning of known drugs to possible modulators of disease associated enzymes using human metabolite-likeness. We demonstrated that this approach works correctly with known antimetabolite drugs and showed that the proposed method has better performance compared to other drug target prediction methods in terms of enzyme modulators prediction. This study as a proof-of-concept showed how to apply metabolite-likeness to drug repositioning as well as potential in further expansion as we acquire more disease associated metabolite-target protein relations.

Project description:Neolignan licarin A (1) was isolated from leaves of Nectandra oppositifolia (Lauraceae) and displayed activity against trypomastigote forms of the etiologic agent of American trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma cruzi. Aiming for the establishment of SAR, five different compounds (1a - 1e) were prepared and tested against T. cruzi. The 2-allyl derivative of licarin A (1d) exhibited higher activity against trypomastigotes of T. cruzi (IC50?=?5.0??M and SI?=?9.0), while its heterocyclic derivative 1e displayed IC50 of 10.5??M and reduced toxicity against NCTC cells (SI?>?19.0). However, these compounds presented limited oral bioavailability estimation (<85%, Papp <1.0?×?10-6?cm/s) in parallel artificial membrane permeability assays (PAMPA) due to excessive lipophilicity. Based on these results, different simplified structures of licarin A were designed: vanillin (2), vanillyl alcohol (3), isoeugenol (4), and eugenol (5), as well as its corresponding methyl (a), acetyl (b), O-allyl (c), and C-allyl (d) analogues. Vanillin (2) and its acetyl derivative (2b) displayed expressive activity against intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi with IC50 values of 5.5 and 5.6??M, respectively, and reduced toxicity against NCTC cells (CC50?>?200??M). In addition, these simplified analogues showed a better permeability profile (Papp?>?1.0?×?10-6?cm/s) on PAMPA models, resulting in improved drug-likeness. Vanillyl alcohol acetyl derivative (3b) and isoeugenol methyl derivative (4a) displayed activity against the extracellular forms of T. cruzi (trypomastigotes) with IC50 values of 5.1 and 8.8??M respectively. Based on these results, compounds with higher selectivity index against extracellular forms of the parasite (1d, 1e, 3d, and 4a) were selected for a mechanism of action study. After a short incubation period (1?h) all compounds increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of trypomastigotes, suggesting cellular oxidative stress. The ATP levels were increased after two hours of incubation, possibly involving a high energy expenditure of the parasite to control the homeostasis. Except for compound 4a, all compounds induced hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, demonstrating a mitochondrial imbalance. Considering the unique mitochondria apparatus of T. cruzi and the lethal alterations induced by structurally based on licarin A, these compounds are interesting hits for future drug discovery studies in Chagas disease.

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Drug-likeness of Phytic Acid and Its Analogues.

Publications

Drug-likeness of Phytic Acid and Its Analogues.

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