Dataset Information

Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus associated with acute lower respiratory infection in children under five years: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen identified in young children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) as well as an important cause of hospital admission. The high incidence of RSV infection and its potential severe outcome make it important to identify and prioritise children who are at higher risk of developing RSV-associated ALRI. We aimed to identify risk factors for RSV-associated ALRI in young children.

Methods

We carried out a systematic literature review across 4 databases and obtained unpublished studies from RSV Global Epidemiology Network (RSV GEN) collaborators. Quality of all eligible studies was assessed according to modified GRADE criteria. We conducted meta-analyses to estimate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for individual risk factors.

Results

We identified 20 studies (3 were unpublished data) with "good quality" that investigated 18 risk factors for RSV-associated ALRI in children younger than five years old. Among them, 8 risk factors were significantly associated with RSV-associated ALRI. The meta-estimates of their odds ratio (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) are prematurity 1.96 (95% CI 1.44-2.67), low birth weight 1.91 (95% CI 1.45-2.53), being male 1.23 (95% CI 1.13-1.33), having siblings 1.60 (95% CI 1.32-1.95), maternal smoking 1.36 (95% CI 1.24-1.50), history of atopy 1.47 (95% CI 1.16-1.87), no breastfeeding 2.24 (95% CI 1.56-3.20) and crowding 1.94 (95% CI 1.29-2.93). Although there were insufficient studies available to generate a meta-estimate for HIV, all articles (irrespective of quality scores) reported significant associations between HIV and RSV-associated ALRI.

Conclusions

This study presents a comprehensive report of the strength of association between various socio-demographic risk factors and RSV-associated ALRI in young children. Some of these amenable risk factors are similar to those that have been identified for (all cause) ALRI and thus, in addition to the future impact of novel RSV vaccines, national action against ALRI risk factors as part of national control programmes can be expected to reduce burden of disease from RSV. Further research which identifies, accesses and analyses additional unpublished RSV data sets could further improve the precision of these estimates.

SUBMITTER: Shi T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4676580 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus associated with acute lower respiratory infection in children under five years: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Shi Ting T Balsells Evelyn E Wastnedge Elizabeth E Singleton Rosalyn R Rasmussen Zeba A ZA Zar Heather J HJ Rath Barbara A BA Madhi Shabir A SA Campbell Stuart S Vaccari Linda Cheyenne LC Bulkow Lisa R LR Thomas Elizabeth D ED Barnett Whitney W Hoppe Christian C Campbell Harry H Nair Harish H

Journal of global health 20151201 2

<h4>Background</h4>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen identified in young children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) as well as an important cause of hospital admission. The high incidence of RSV infection and its potential severe outcome make it important to identify and prioritise children who are at higher risk of developing RSV-associated ALRI. We aimed to identify risk factors for RSV-associated ALRI in young children.<h4>Methods</h4>We carried out a s ...[more]

PMID: 26682048

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Project description:BackgroundPoor air quality of the household is likely to be the largest public health concern in resource-constrained countries. Exposure to household air pollution, poor working environment, and fuel type used at household level have been associated with respiratory symptoms. This study aimed to assess acute respiratory symptoms and its associated factors among mothers who have under five-years-old children in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia.MethodA cross-sectional study was carried out from February 15, 2019 to June 20, 2019. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling, and data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of explanatory and outcome variables. Variables with p < 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable.ResultsThe prevalence of respiratory symptoms among mothers of under-five years-old children in this study was 46.1%. Education (vocational training compared to cannot read and write) (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 0.26 at 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08-0.82), working in dusty environment (AOR = 2.90 at 95% CI: 1.39-6.08), wood fire use (AOR = 0.37 at 95% CI: 0.16-0.85), living in mud- and wood-walled houses (AOR = 0.53 at CI: 0.32-0.89), recent house painting (AOR = 1.95 at 95% CI: 1.03-3.69), new carpet (AOR = 2.02 at 95% CI: 1.08-3.77), pesticide use (AOR = 1.71 at 95% CI: 1.03-2.84), damp stain (AOR = 2.45 at 95% CI: 1.04-5.75), spending longer time in house for 6 to 11 h (AOR = 2.59 at 95% CI: 1.53-4.37) and 11 to 15 h (AOR = 3.47 at 95% CI: 1.87-6.43), and living less than 100 m from unpaved roads/streets (AOR = 4.35 at 95% CI: 2.64-7.18) were significantly associated with respiratory symptoms among mothers of under-five years-old children.ConclusionRespiratory symptoms were common among mothers who have under five-years-old children. Air quality improvement, fuel selection, and residential planning will help to reduce respiratory symptoms.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate risk factors for death from acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children in low- and middle-income countries. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. STUDY SELECTION:Observational studies reporting on risk factors for death from ALRI in children below five years in low- and middle income countries. DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, Global Health Library, Lilacs, and Web of Science to January 2014. RISK OF BIAS ASSESSMENT:Quality In Prognosis Studies tool with minor adaptations to assess the risk of bias; funnel plots and Egger's test to evaluate publication bias. RESULTS:Out of 10,655 papers retrieved, 77 studies from 39 countries (198,359 children) met the inclusion criteria. Host and disease characteristics more strongly associated with ALRI mortality were: diagnosis of very severe pneumonia as per WHO definition (odds ratio 9.42, 95% confidence interval 6.37?13.92); age below two months (5.22, 1.70?16.03); diagnosis of Pneumocystis Carinii (4.79, 2.67?8.61), chronic underlying diseases (4.76, 3.27?6.93); HIV/AIDS (4.68, 3.72?5.90); and severe malnutrition (OR 4.27, 3.47?5.25). Socio-economic and environmental factors significantly associated with increased odds of death from ALRI were: young maternal age (1.84, 1.03?3.31); low maternal education (1.43, 1.13?1.82); low socio-economic status (1.62, 1.32?2.00); second-hand smoke exposure (1.52, 1.20 to 1.93); indoor air pollution (3.02, 2.11?4.31). Immunisation (0.46, 0.36?0.58) and good antenatal practices (0.50, 0.31?0.81) were associated with decreased odds of death. CONCLUSIONS:Host and disease characteristics as well as socio-economic and environmental determinants affect the risk of death from ALRI in children. Together with the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, interventions to modify underlying risk factors such as poverty, lack of female education, and poor environmental conditions, should be considered among the strategies to reduce ALRI mortality in children in low- and middle-income countries.

Dataset Information

Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus associated with acute lower respiratory infection in children under five years: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus associated with acute lower respiratory infection in children under five years: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

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