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Pre-gravid oral contraceptive use in relation to birth weight: a prospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT: Few studies have evaluated the association between pregravid oral contraceptive (OC) use and birth weight, and findings have been conflicting. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 5921 pregnancy planners in Denmark to evaluate recency, duration, and type of OC used before conception in relation to infant birth weight. Participants completed online questionnaires and reported detailed information on contraceptive history and covariates at baseline. Participants completed bimonthly follow-up questionnaires to update their pregnancy status for up to 12 months or until conception occurred. Birth weight data were ascertained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry for 4046 live births delivered by study participants between 2008 and 2010. We used multivariable linear and log-binomial regression analyses to control for confounding. Mean birth weight was higher among women who had used OCs within 0-1 months (mean difference = 97 g, CI 26, 168) or 2-6 months (mean difference = 40 g, CI -5, 85) before conception, compared with more than 12 months before conception. Mean birth weight was lower among women who had used OCs for long durations (mean difference comparing ?12 with <4 years of OC use = -85 g, CI -158, -11). Our findings indicate that pregravid OC use within 6 months of conception may be associated with a small increase in birth weight, but that long duration of use may have the opposite effect. Results were stronger among male infants, among 2nd and 4th generation OC users, and among users of OCs with a higher estrogen dose.

SUBMITTER: Hatch EE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4681689 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pre-gravid oral contraceptive use in relation to birth weight: a prospective cohort study.

Hatch Elizabeth E EE Hahn Kristen A KA Mikkelsen Ellen M EM Riis Anders H AH Sorensen Henrik Toft HT Rothman Kenneth J KJ Wise Lauren A LA

European journal of epidemiology 20150616 11

Few studies have evaluated the association between pregravid oral contraceptive (OC) use and birth weight, and findings have been conflicting. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 5921 pregnancy planners in Denmark to evaluate recency, duration, and type of OC used before conception in relation to infant birth weight. Participants completed online questionnaires and reported detailed information on contraceptive history and covariates at baseline. Participants completed bimonthly follow-up ...[more]

PMID: 26076921

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Project description:ObjectiveTo determine whether use of oral contraceptives is associated with all cause and cause specific mortality.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNurses' Health Study, data collected between 1976 and 2012.Population121,701 participants were prospectively followed for 36 years; lifetime oral contraceptive use was recorded biennially from 1976 to 1982.Main outcome measuresOverall and cause specific mortality, assessed throughout follow-up until 2012. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the relative risks of all cause and cause specific mortality associated with use of oral contraceptives.ResultsIn our population of 121,577 women with information on oral contraceptive use, 63,626 were never users (52%) and 57,951 were ever users (48%). After 3.6 million person years, we recorded 31,286 deaths. No association was observed between ever use of oral contraceptives and all cause mortality. However, violent or accidental deaths were more common among ever users (hazard ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.37). Longer duration of use was more strongly associated with certain causes of death, including premature mortality due to breast cancer (test for trend P<0.0001) and decreased mortality rates of ovarian cancer (P=0.002). Longer time since last use was also associated with certain outcomes, including a positive association with violent or accidental deaths (P=0.005).ConclusionsAll cause mortality did not differ significantly between women who had ever used oral contraceptives and never users. Oral contraceptive use was associated with certain causes of death, including increased rates of violent or accidental death and deaths due to breast cancer, whereas deaths due to ovarian cancer were less common among women who used oral contraceptives. These results pertain to earlier oral contraceptive formulations with higher hormone doses rather than the now more commonly used third and fourth generation formulations with lower estrogen doses.

Dataset Information

Pre-gravid oral contraceptive use in relation to birth weight: a prospective cohort study.

Publications

Pre-gravid oral contraceptive use in relation to birth weight: a prospective cohort study.

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